Method for thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass and apparatus for process management

Abstract

There is presented a method for thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass, characterized by that fact the plastic waste and/or biomass are subjected to a temperature in a reactor in the presence of loose three-dimensional elements of a developed surface area, resistant to the process heat. The invention also involves an installation to carry out the process.

1 . Method for thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass, characterized by the fact that the plastic waste and/or biomass are subjected to a temperature in a reactor in the presence of loose three-dimensional elements of a developed surface area, resistant to the process heat. 
     
     
         2 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that the ratio of the 
       surface area of three-dimensional elements to the mass of plastics and/or biomass subjected to degradation is 25 m 2  per 1000 kg of the raw material to 600 m 2  per 1000 kg 
       of the raw material. 
     
     
         3 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that in a reactor in which the process of thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass occurs, there is a temperature gradient within the range from 450 to 550° C. in the vertical axis of the reactor, preferably 500° C. at the base and decreasing gradually to a temperature within the range from 320 to 400° C., preferably 360° C. at the top of the reactor. 
     
     
         4 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that three-dimensional elements are fed into the reactor all at once or continuously or in portions. 
     
     
         5 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that plastic waste and/or biomass are fed into the reactor continuously or in portions. 
     
     
         6 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that three-dimensional elements are supplied to the reactor before it is fed with plastics waste and/or biomass, or a mixture of three-dimensional elements and plastic waste and/or biomass is provided to the reactor. 
     
     
         7 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that three-dimensional elements are made of metal or are ceramic. 
     
     
         8 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that contaminated three-dimensional elements are removed from the reactor continuously or in portions. 
     
     
         9 . Installation for the process of thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass, consisting of raw material storage containers, a raw material preparation section, a reactor, means heating the reactor, means of transport of raw materials to the reactor and a section for the discharge of products of thermal decomposition of plastic waste and/or biomass, characterized by the fact that the reactor is at least partially filled with loose three-dimensional elements of a developed surface area, resistant to the process temperature. 
     
     
         10 . Installation according to  claim 9 , characterized by the fact that the reactor contains such a number of three-dimensional elements that the ratio of the surface area of 
       the three-dimensional elements to the mass of plastics and/or biomass subjected to degradation in the reactor is from 25 m 2  per 1000 kg of the raw material to 600 m 2  per 1000 kg of the raw material. 
     
     
         11 . Installation according to  claim 9 , characterized by the fact that three-dimensional elements in the reactor are made of metal or are ceramic.