Devices and methods for hip replacement

Abstract

Devices and methods for use in hip replacement surgery can incorporate computer models of a patient's acetabulum and surrounding bone structure, a first patient-specific jig designed from the computer model and configured to correspond to a final installation position and orientation of a prosthetic him implant, a second patient-specific jig, also designed from the computer model, configured to refine the procedure, if necessary, following use of the first patient-specific jig, and/or a third patient specific jig, designed from the computer model, configured to refine the procedure, if necessary, following use of the first and second patient-specific jigs, allowing the surgeon to properly position and orient the hip prosthesis. Also shown and described are novel devices for implanting an acetabular cup.

1 . (canceled) 
     
     
         2 . A system of patient specific jigs for use in joint replacement surgery, the system comprising:
 a first patient-specific jig comprising:
 a first body having a proximal end and a distal end and configured to be positioned against a bone structure of the patient at a joint location, the distal end of the first body includes an first reference surface that corresponds to a position and a shape of an bearing surface of acetabulum before reaming; 
 a first alignment member extending from the proximal end of the first body and configured to position and orient the first body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to a surgeon that the first patient-specific jig is in a predetermined orientation; and 
 an aperture extending through the first body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the first body, the aperture oriented though the first body according to a preoperative plan and along a reaming axis for guiding a reamer; and 
   a second patient-specific jig comprising:
 a second body having a proximal end and a distal end and configured to be positioned against the bone structure of the patient at the joint location, the distal end of the second body includes a second reference surface that corresponds to a position and a shape of a surface the acetabulum after reaming; and 
 a second alignment member extending from the proximal end of the second body and configured to position and orient the second body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to a surgeon that the position and the shape of the surface of a reamed acetabulum corresponds to a predetermined position and shape of the surface the acetabulum after reaming. 
   
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the second patient-specific jig further comprises:
 an aperture formed through the body at an angle corresponding to an installation location and orientation of an acetabular prostheses.   
     
     
         4 . The device of  claim 2  wherein the second reference surface of the body includes a position corresponding to a depth of the reamed acetabulum and an angular orientation of the final installation position of the prosthesis implant. 
     
     
         5 . The device of  claim 2  wherein the first alignment member includes an engagement portion configured to engage an area adjacent the acetabulum of the patient to indicate information corresponding to the position of the first patient-specific jig. 
     
     
         6 . The device of  claim 2  wherein the second alignment member include an engagement portion configured to engage a selected area adjacent the acetabulum of the patient to indicate information corresponding to the position of the second patient-specific jig and the of the surface of the acetabulum after reaming. 
     
     
         7 . The device of  claim 6  wherein the engagement portion of the second alignment member is configured to contact a corresponding area adjacent a patient's medial rim, sciatic notch, or acetabular notch. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 2  wherein the second patient-specific jig further comprises:
 an second aperture extending through the second body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the second body, the second aperture oriented though the second body according to a preoperative plan and along an installation orientation of a acetabular prosthesis. 
 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 2  wherein the second patient-specific jig further comprises:
 a second aperture extending through the second body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the second body, the aperture oriented though the second body according to a preoperative plan and along a second reaming axis for guiding the reamer. 
 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 2  wherein the first alignment member is one of a first plurality of alignment members, each extending from the proximal end of the first body and configured to position and orient the first body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to the surgeon that the first patient-specific jig is in a predetermined orientation. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 2  wherein the second alignment member is one of a second plurality of alignment members, each extending from the proximal end of the second body and configured to position and orient the second body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to a surgeon that the position and the shape of the surface of a reamed acetabulum corresponds to a predetermined position and shape of the surface the acetabulum after reaming. 
     
     
         12 . A method for use in joint replacement surgery, the method comprising:
 placing a first a first patient-specific jig on a joint of a patient, the first patient specific jig including a first body having a proximal end and a distal end and configured to be positioned against a bone structure of the patient at a joint location, the distal end of the first body includes an first reference surface that corresponds to a position and a shape of an bearing surface of acetabulum before reaming;   positioning and orientating the first patient specific jig by aligning a first alignment member with a first predetermined location proximate the joint of the body, the first alignment member extending from the proximal end of the first body and configured to position and orient the first body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to a surgeon that the first patient-specific jig is in a predetermined orientation;   implanting a guide rod in a patient by inserting the guide rod though an aperture in the first body, the aperture extending through the first body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the first body, the aperture oriented though the first body according to a preoperative plan and along a reaming axis for guiding a reamer;   reaming the acetabulum;   placing a second patient-specific jig on the joint of the patient, the second patient-specific jig including a second body having a proximal end and a distal end and configured to be positioned against the bone structure of the patient at the joint location, the distal end of the second body includes a second reference surface that corresponds to a position and a shape of a surface the acetabulum after reaming;   positioning and orientating the first patient specific jig by aligning a second alignment member with a second predetermined location proximate the joint of the body, the second alignment member extending from the proximal end of the second body and configured to position and orient the second body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to a surgeon that the position and the shape of the surface of a reamed acetabulum corresponds to a predetermined position and shape of the surface the acetabulum after reaming; and   determine that the position and the shape of the surface of the reamed acetabulum corresponds to the predetermined position and shape of the surface the acetabulum after reaming.   
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , further comprising:
 installing an acetabular prostheses in the joint of the patient.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , further comprising:
 implanting a second guide rod in the patient by inserting the guide rod though a second aperture in the second body, the second aperture extending through the second body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the second body, the aperture oriented though the second body according to the preoperative plan and along an installation axis of an acetabular prosthesis.   
     
     
         15 . A system of patient specific jigs for use in joint replacement surgery, the system comprising:
 a first patient-specific jig comprising:
 a first body having a proximal end and a distal end and configured to be positioned against a bone structure of the patient at a joint location, the distal end of the first body includes a first reference surface that corresponds to a position and a shape of a native surface of joint; 
 a first alignment member extending from the proximal end of the first body and configured to position and orient the first body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to a surgeon that the first patient-specific jig is in a predetermined orientation; and 
 an aperture extending through the first body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the first body, the aperture oriented though the first body according to a preoperative plan and along an axis for guiding bone material removal; and 
   a second patient-specific jig comprising:
 a second body having a proximal end and a distal end and configured to be positioned against the bone structure of the patient at the joint location, the distal end of the second body includes a second reference surface that corresponds to a position and a shape of the surface the joint after bone material removal; and 
 a second alignment member extending from the proximal end of the second body and configured to position and orient the second body with respect to the bone structure to indicate to a surgeon that the position and the shape of the surface the joint after bone material removal corresponds to a predetermined position and shape of the surface the joint after bone material removal. 
   
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 15 , wherein the second patient-specific jig further comprises:
 an aperture formed through the body at an angle corresponding to an installation location and orientation of a prostheses.   
     
     
         17 . The device of  claim 15 , wherein the second reference surface of the body includes a position corresponding to a depth and an orientation of the surface the joint after bone material removal. 
     
     
         18 . The device of  claim 15 , wherein the first alignment member includes an engagement portion configured to engage an area adjacent the joint of the patient to indicate information corresponding to the position of the first patient-specific jig. 
     
     
         19 . The device of  claim 15 , wherein the second alignment member include an engagement portion configured to engage a selected area adjacent the joint of the patient to indicate information corresponding to the position of the second patient-specific jig and the of the surface of the joint after bone material removal. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 15 , wherein the second patient-specific jig further comprises:
 an second aperture extending through the second body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the second body, the second aperture oriented though the second body according to a preoperative plan and along an installation orientation of a prosthesis.   
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 15 , wherein the second patient-specific jig further comprises:
 a second aperture extending through the second body, from the proximal end to the distal end of the second body, the aperture oriented though the second body according to a preoperative plan and along a second axis for guiding bone material removal.