US2017080402A1PendingUtilityA1

Sorbents for removal of mercury

60
Assignee: CALGON CARBON CORPPriority: Jun 11, 2012Filed: Dec 5, 2016Published: Mar 23, 2017
Est. expiryJun 11, 2032(~5.9 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Walter G. TramposchRichard Mimna
B01D 2257/602B01D 2251/402B01D 2253/25B01J 20/02B01D 53/64B01J 20/18B01J 20/041B01J 20/22B01D 2251/404B01J 20/28016B01D 53/04B01D 2251/304B01J 20/103B01J 20/046B01J 20/12B01J 20/0288B01J 20/20B01J 20/28004B01J 20/043B01D 2253/102B01D 2258/0283B01J 2220/50B01J 20/16B01D 53/02B01J 20/0259
60
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Claims

Abstract

Methods and systems for reducing mercury emissions from fluid streams are provided herein, as are adsorbent materials having high volumetric iodine numbers.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A mercury adsorptive material comprising an adsorptive material having a volumetric iodine number of greater than about 450 mg/cc. 
     
     
         2 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 650 mg/cc. 
     
     
         3 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 700 mg/cc. 
     
     
         4 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , wherein the adsorptive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, reactivated carbon, graphite, graphene carbon black, zeolite, silica, silica gel, clay, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , wherein the adsorptive material is an activated carbon derived from coal. 
     
     
         6 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , wherein the adsorptive material has a mean particle diameter (MPD) of about 1 μm to about 30 μm. 
     
     
         7 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more oxidizing agent. 
     
     
         8 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 7 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, calcium hypochlorite, calcium hypobromite, calcium hypoiodite, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium tri-chloride, potassium tri-bromide, potassium tri-iodide, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 7 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent comprises about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a total adsorptive material. 
     
     
         10 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more nitrogen source. 
     
     
         11 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium containing compounds, ammonia containing compounds, amines containing compounds, amides containing compounds, imines containing compounds, quaternary ammonium containing compounds, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         12 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium iodide, ammonium bromide, or ammonium chloride, amine halides, a quaternary ammonium halides, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 10 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source comprises about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a total adsorptive material. 
     
     
         14 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 1 , further comprising an alkaline agent. 
     
     
         15 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 14 , wherein the alkaline agent is selected from the group consisting of alkaline agent may be calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 14 , wherein the alkaline agent is provided at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.15 equivalents per 100 grams of absorptive material. 
     
     
         17 . A mercury adsorptive material comprising:
 an adsorptive material having a volumetric iodine number of greater than about 450 mg/cc;   one or more oxidizing agent; and   one or more nitrogen source.   
     
     
         18 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 17 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 650 mg/cc. 
     
     
         19 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 17 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 700 mg/cc. 
     
     
         20 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 17 , wherein the adsorptive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, reactivated carbon, graphite, graphene carbon black, zeolite, silica, silica gel, clay, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         21 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 17 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, calcium hypochlorite, calcium hypobromite, calcium hypoiodite, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium tri-chloride, potassium tri-bromide, potassium tri-iodide, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 17 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium iodide, ammonium bromide, or ammonium chloride, amine halides, a quaternary ammonium halides, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         23 . A mercury adsorptive material comprising:
 an adsorptive material having a volumetric iodine number of greater than about 450 mg/cc;   one or more oxidizing agent; and   one or more alkaline agent.   
     
     
         24 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 23 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 650 mg/cc. 
     
     
         25 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 23 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 700 mg/cc. 
     
     
         26 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 23 , wherein the adsorptive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, reactivated carbon, graphite, graphene carbon black, zeolite, silica, silica gel, clay, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         27 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 23 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, calcium hypochlorite, calcium hypobromite, calcium hypoiodite, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium tri-chloride, potassium tri-bromide, potassium tri-iodide, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         28 . The mercury adsorptive material of  claim 23 , wherein the alkaline agent is selected from the group consisting of alkaline agent may be calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         29 . A system for removing mercury from flue gas, the system comprising an adsorptive material having a volumetric iodine number of greater than 450 mg/cc. 
     
     
         30 . The system of  claim 29 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 650 mg/cc. 
     
     
         31 . The system of  claim 29 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 700 mg/cc. 
     
     
         32 . The system of  claim 29 , wherein the adsorptive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, reactivated carbon, graphite, graphene carbon black, zeolite, silica, silica gel, clay, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         33 . The system of  claim 29 , wherein the adsorptive material is an activated carbon derived from coal. 
     
     
         34 . The system of  claim 29 , wherein the adsorptive material has a mean particle diameter (MPD) of about 1 μm to about 30 μm. 
     
     
         35 . The system of  claim 29 , further comprising one or more oxidizing agent. 
     
     
         36 . The system of  claim 35 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, calcium hypochlorite, calcium hypobromite, calcium hypoiodite, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium tri-chloride, potassium tri-bromide, potassium tri-iodide, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         37 . The system of  claim 35 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent comprises about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a total adsorptive material. 
     
     
         38 . The system of  claim 29 , further comprising one or more nitrogen source. 
     
     
         39 . The system of  claim 38 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium containing compounds, ammonia containing compounds, amines containing compounds, amides containing compounds, imines containing compounds, quaternary ammonium containing compounds, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         40 . The system of  claim 38 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium iodide, ammonium bromide, or ammonium chloride, amine halides, a quaternary ammonium halides, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         41 . The system of  claim 38 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source comprises about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a total adsorptive material. 
     
     
         42 . The system of  claim 29 , further comprising an alkaline agent. 
     
     
         43 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the alkaline agent is selected from the group consisting of alkaline agent may be calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         44 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the alkaline agent is provided at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.15 equivalents per 100 grams of absorptive material. 
     
     
         45 . A method for mercury removal comprising:
 injecting an adsorptive material having a volumetric iodine number of greater than 450 mg/cc.   
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 650 mg/cc. 
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the volumetric iodine number is about 500 mg/cc to about 700 mg/cc. 
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the adsorptive material is selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, reactivated carbon, graphite, graphene carbon black, zeolite, silica, silica gel, clay, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the adsorptive material is an activated carbon derived from coal. 
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 45 , wherein the adsorptive material has a mean particle diameter (MPD) of about 1 μm to about 30 μm. 
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 45 , further comprising one or more oxidizing agent. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, calcium hypochlorite, calcium hypobromite, calcium hypoiodite, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium tri-chloride, potassium tri-bromide, potassium tri-iodide, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agent comprises about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a total adsorptive material. 
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 45 , further comprising one or more nitrogen source. 
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium containing compounds, ammonia containing compounds, amines containing compounds, amides containing compounds, imines containing compounds, quaternary ammonium containing compounds, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of ammonium iodide, ammonium bromide, or ammonium chloride, amine halides, a quaternary ammonium halides, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the one or more nitrogen source comprises about 5 wt. % to about 50 wt. % of a total adsorptive material. 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 45 , further comprising an alkaline agent. 
     
     
         59 . The method of  claim 58 , wherein the alkaline agent is selected from the group consisting of alkaline agent may be calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         60 . The method of  claim 58 , wherein the alkaline agent is provided at a concentration of greater than or equal to about 0.15 equivalents per 100 grams of absorptive material.

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