Fuels and fuel additives that have high biogenic content derived from renewable organic feedstock

Abstract

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock.

1 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising:
 At least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon.   
     
     
         2 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to  claim 1  wherein the FT liquids have the following carbon characteristics:
 Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
 HFTL C7-C102 
 
 Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material 
 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                     
                     
                   Min 
                   Max 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   C4-C09 
                     
                   0.087 
                   0.23 
                 
                     
                   C10-C19 
                     
                   0.18 
                   0.36 
                 
                     
                   C20-C29 
                     
                   0.17 
                   0.22 
                 
                     
                   C30-C39 
                     
                   0.09 
                   0.11 
                 
                     
                   C40+ 
                     
                   0.07 
                   0.18 
                 
                     
                   +C10 
                   > 
                   0.70. 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         3 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock, the high biogenic content fuel comprising:
 at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.   
     
     
         4 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 3 , wherein the FT liquids have the following carbon characteristics:
 Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
 HFTL C7-C102 
   Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material   
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                     
                     
                   Min 
                   Max 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   C4-C09 
                     
                   0.087 
                   0.23 
                 
                     
                   C10-C19 
                     
                   0.18 
                   0.36 
                 
                     
                   C20-C29 
                     
                   0.17 
                   0.22 
                 
                     
                   C30-C39 
                     
                   0.09 
                   0.11 
                 
                     
                   C40+ 
                     
                   0.07 
                   0.18 
                 
                     
                   +C10 
                   > 
                   0.70. 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         5 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to  claim 4  wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids. 
     
     
         6 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock, the fuel comprising:
 a fuel additive that is at least one of a naphtha fuel, a diesel fuel or Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the feedstock to the process creating the Fischer-Tropsch liquids,   wherein the high biogenic concentration is confirmable by radiocarbon dating and there is up to 100% biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids as opposed to non-biogenic carbon derived from fossil sources of carbon.   
     
     
         7 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to  claim 6  wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids. 
     
     
         8 . A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock, according to  claim 6  wherein the high biogenic content fuel comprises:
 at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons. 
 
     
     
         9 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 8  wherein the renewable organic feedstock is processed by sub-stoichiometric carbon oxidation and hydrocarbon reformation while producing syngas, including CO, H2 and CO2. 
     
     
         10 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 9  wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reactor provides FT liquids including a heavy FT liquid fraction (HFTL), and a medium/lighter FT liquid fraction (MFTL). 
     
     
         11 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 7  wherein the Fischer Tropsch derived liquids have the following carbons characteristics:
 Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
 HFTL C7-C102 
 
 Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material 
 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                     
                     
                   Min 
                   Max 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   C4-C09 
                     
                   0.087 
                   0.23 
                 
                     
                   C10-C19 
                     
                   0.18 
                   0.36 
                 
                     
                   C20-C29 
                     
                   0.17 
                   0.22 
                 
                     
                   C30-C39 
                     
                   0.09 
                   0.11 
                 
                     
                   C40+ 
                     
                   0.07 
                   0.18 
                 
                     
                   +C10 
                   > 
                   0.70. 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         12 . A system for producing high biogenic carbon concentration Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (carbon derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (from fossil sources of carbon) along with other non-carbonaceous materials, wherein the Fischer Tropsch derived liquids have the following carbons characteristics:
 Typical Carbon Distribution: MFTL: C4-C26
 HFTL C7-C102 
   Typical Carbon Distribution for Combined Material:   
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                     
                     
                   Min 
                   Max 
                 
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   C4-C09 
                     
                   0.087 
                   0.23 
                 
                     
                   C10-C19 
                     
                   0.18 
                   0.36 
                 
                     
                   C20-C29 
                     
                   0.17 
                   0.22 
                 
                     
                   C30-C39 
                     
                   0.09 
                   0.11 
                 
                     
                   C40+ 
                     
                   0.07 
                   0.18 
                 
                     
                   +C10 
                   > 
                   0.70. 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
                
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
       wherein the system comprises:
 a) a bio-refinery for converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon from the renewable feedstock; 
 b) within the bio-refinery, a gasification island (GI) that provides at least gasification and sub-stoichiometric oxidation of the processed feedstock that contain a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon, wherein the GI selectively receives: 
 the processed feedstock and produces syngas containing CO, H2, H2O and CO2: 
 selectively receives recycled hydrocarbon products and intermediate products to recover the biogenic carbon by the hydrocarbon reforming of the biogenic compounds; and 
 selectively receives recycled CO2. 
 
     
     
         13 . A system according to  claim 12  further including a syngas conditioning system and an F-T reactor that receives syngas from the syngas conditioning system. 
     
     
         14 . A system according to  claim 13  wherein the syngas conditioning system provides the CO2 recycle to the Gasification Island. 
     
     
         15 . A system according to  claim 12  wherein the F-T reactor provides FT liquids, including a heavy FT liquid fraction (HFTL) and a medium liquid fraction MFTL, and F-T tailgas. 
     
     
         16 . A system according to  claim 15  wherein the F-T tailgas is recycled to the F-T reactor. 
     
     
         17 . A system according to  claim 15  further including a hydrocracker for receiving the F-T liquids. 
     
     
         18 . A system according to  claim 17  further including a fractionator for receiving heavy crackate and light crackate from the hydrocracker. 
     
     
         19 . A system according to  claim 18  wherein the fractionator provides the recycled high biogenic hydrocarbon products. 
     
     
         20 . A system according to  claim 19  wherein the fractionator provides the high biogenic concentration of SPK or of Naphtha or of Diesel or of a combination of all three. 
     
     
         21 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 12  wherein said liquids includes fuels. 
     
     
         22 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 21  wherein said liquids includes diesel fuel. 
     
     
         23 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 21  wherein said liquids include synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK). 
     
     
         24 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 21  wherein said liquids include naphtha. 
     
     
         25 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 21  wherein in said liquids include at least naphtha, diesel fuel and synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK). 
     
     
         26 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 21  wherein CO, H2 and CO2 are recycled along with the recycled selected hydrocarbon products including naphtha and methane. 
     
     
         27 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 26  wherein the recycled selected hydrocarbon products and intermediate products include tail gas from the Fischer-Tropsch process. 
     
     
         28 . A system for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids according to  claim 21  wherein high biogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in the process is removed from the gas streams and a portion of the CO2 is recycled to the gasification system. 
     
     
         29 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 6  wherein the Fischer-Tropsch liquids are produced in a process including the steps of:
 a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from the feedstock source material to produce a feedstock that is contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the source material; and 
 b) in a bio-refinery, converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon. 
 
     
     
         30 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 6  wherein the high biogenic content fuel additive is added to fossil based fuels. 
     
     
         31 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 30  wherein the fossil based fuels are comprised of jet fuel. 
     
     
         32 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 31  wherein the high biogenic content fuel additive is added to the jet fuel at a percentage of up to 50%. 
     
     
         33 . A high biogenic content jet fuel comprising:
 a high biogenic fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock sources and comprising Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon; and   fossil based jet fuel,   wherein the percentage of the high biogenic fuel additive is up to 50%.   
     
     
         34 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 30  wherein the fossil based fuels are comprised of diesel fuel. 
     
     
         35 . A high biogenic content fuel additive derived from renewable organic feedstock according to  claim 34  wherein the high biogenic content fuel additive is added to the diesel fuel at a percentage of up to 100%.