Heating system with energy-independent mode using multiple-layer streams of water

Abstract

A heating system for two, three and four floors of a building, involving the connection of a heated floor, with an energy-independent mode using multiple-layer streams of water, for achieving circulation, relating to the field of using thermal energy for heating buildings, using a single boiler. By designing the heating system, it is possible to obtain energy which is in addition to the boiler output, said energy carrying out circulation in the heating system and helping to make possible the feeding of heat carrier liquid, simultaneously: to the first floor, second floor and third floor; basement heating and heated floor circulation are achieved using a reversed flow, which involves: hotter water flowing into the boiler, thus decreasing heating outlays and, as a result, increasing efficiency. The pipes can be installed within walls and floors. Many options are taken into consideration for connecting a heated floor. The present invention is characterized in utilizing the opportunities of “multiple-layer streams of water” and in the entire process, i.e., supply and return, taking place within a single pipe, thus reducing materials costs by half. Within the heating system, the circulating volume of water is changed automatically.

1 . The heating system for two, three and four floors, involving the connection of the heated floor, with an energy-independent mode using multi-layered streams of water to achieve circulation consisting of: the boiler, which is installed on the first floor and/or in the basement and/or two boilers on the same floor, connected through the supply riser  28 , where the unit  25  UNK-1-40, UNK-1-50 is tied-in into, with the supply manifold  11 —located: above the floor or concealed in the floor of the second floor, further the supply manifold  11  is loopback connected with the riser  13 , with the return manifold  12 —such independent loopbacks with their own manifolds can amount, at least, to two and more, but they shall be balanced in the physical resistance—achieved through the reduction of the manifold pipe diameters as compared to the supply riser  28 : the diameter of the supply manifold  11  and return manifold  12  depends on the level of load with the physical resistance of this loopback; the extension tank; the circulation pump in the basement  24 ; risers and heating instruments: on the first floor the radiator  2  is tied-in through the ball valves into the outermost riser  13  without in series connections with the riser, which loopback connects the supply manifold  11  with the return manifold  12 , the radiators  3  are connected through the ball valves to the risers  14  without in series connections with the riser, which also loopback connect the supply manifold  11  with the return manifold  12 , the radiator  4 , located near the boiler, is connected through the ball valves in series with the riser  15  so that they generate the resistance to the flow, in physical resistance and additionally, in order to generate resistance: we make the diameter of the risers  14  and  15  less as compared to the outermost riser  13  with the purpose to increase the delivery pressure, that allows the hot flow to reach the terminal radiator  2 , as the radiators  1  and  5  on the second floor and radiators  6 ,  7  and  8  on the third floor are located higher than the supply manifold  11 , and as in the manifolds and in pipes, in general, there two main streams that appear: the hot layer, which is constantly aiming upwards and the colder layer, which flows down, if possible—we use the possibilities of the water multi-layer streams flow, two main streams appear in the manifolds, according to the laws of the heating engineering, we have the supply and return, due to the physical process the circulation is effected on the second and third floors: the radiators  1  on the second floor are tied-in through the ball valves mainly from above: the supply and return pipe of the radiator to the supply manifold  11 , the radiators  5  on the second floor, provided they are located to the side of the supply manifold  11 , are connected from one side to the radiator through the ball valves: the supply pipe of the radiator  17 , from the return pipe  18  and we tie-in mainly from above in 5-10 cm, this means close, into the supply manifold  11 , further we tie-in into the supply manifold  11  the pipes  19  and run to the third floor without in series connections, with the same diameter, they are mounted above the floor or concealed into the floor of the third floor and further come down and
 are tied-in into the same supply manifold  11 , located on the second floor with the pipe  20 , depending on the building planning, it is possible to tie-in at the distance of 5-10 cm from each other or more—this means the supply pipe  19  from the return pipe  20 , and such separate independent loopbacks on the third floor can amount to  1  or  4 , where the radiators  6 ,  7  and  8  are tied-in, the radiators  6  and  8 , located on the third floor, are installed similarly to connection of the radiators  1 , and the radiator  7  is installed similarly to the connection of the radiator  5 , 
 as the water in pipes flows in layers—the colder water as compared to the hotter water has the higher specific gravity—through the riser  13 ,  14  and  15 , which feed the radiators  2 ,  3  and  4 , the cold streams are moved to the boiler from the radiators  1  and  5  of the second floor and from the radiators  6 ,  7  and  8  of the third floor—thus, the circulation is increased, which increases an inflow of the hot water from the boiler to the supply manifold  11 ; at the same time we tie-in the risers  26 ,  27  into the return manifold, run down into the basement or semi-basement, loopback connect with the terminal risers in the basement  26 : the return manifold  12  with the basement manifold  23 , to which we connect the radiators  9  through the ball valves, without in series connections—in the same way as we connected the radiators  2  and  3 , and to the risers  27 , which are near the boiler, we connect in series with the riser the radiators  10  through the ball valves, similarly to the connection of the radiators  4 , the diameter of the risers  26  and  27  is similar to that of the risers  14  and  15  on the first floor, we design as follows—the closer the radiator to the boiler, the higher physical resistance shall be generated, to build up the delivery pressure, further we tie-in the circulation pump  24  into the basement manifold and the supply of the circulation pump is tied-in into the supply riser  28 —higher than the unit  25  UNK-1-40, UNK-1-50—to move the used water from the basement manifold  23  to the supply manifolds  11 : the colder water gets into the lower layer of the supply manifold  11  and through the risers  13 ,  14  and  15 , further through the return manifold  12 , gets into the main boiler, installed on the first floor  22 , or parallel to the main boiler  22  on the first floor, we install the electrical boiler  29  and tie-in as follows: the boiler return to the return manifold  12 , the boiler supply is tied-in above the unit  25  UNK-1-40, UNK-1-50 into the supply riser  28 , or we leave the electrical boiler  29  in its original place, i.e. on the first floor, and put the main boiler  22  and the unit  25  UNK-1-40, UNK-1-50 one floor lower, i.e. to the basement—to the place of the circulation pump  24 , we remove the pump, connect the return of the main boiler  22  with the basement manifold  23 —to the place, where the pump  24  was tied-in—the supply pipe from the main boiler  22  through the unit  25  is tied-in into the supply riser  28  on the first floor, higher than the electrical boiler  29 , and as we have in result two independent heating systems, it does not matter where the main boiler  22  is installed: the upper part of the building with three floors and independent basement operation—thus, we have large possibilities for various heating system operation modes: if we switch off the circulation pump in the basement  24  in order to save fuel, 
 and the main boiler  22  and unit  25  will stay switched on—in the option considered, provided the boilers are installed on the first floor and/or only one electrical boiler  29  is switched on, the heating system will operate in the entire building and in the basement as well, but in the basement more slowly, only water flow with the switched off circulation pump  24  in the basement will be effected vice versa: from the tie-in of the supply riser  28 , through the circulation pump  24 , to the basement manifold  23  and further through the radiator  9  and  10  to the return manifold  12 , and further to the main boiler  22  and/or to the electrical boiler  29 , and if we switch on the circulation pump  24  and switch off the unit  25 , the main boiler  22  will operate in the energy-independent mode—circulation in the building will be effected due to the water physical process and in the forced manner in the basement, and additionally the pump  24  will contribute to the circulation in the entire building, the only condition is that the pump in the basement  24  shall not be of too high capacity or we use the main boiler  22  in the daytime, and at night, we can switch on the electrical boiler  29 , or switch the heating system to the stand-by mode, when the owners are out and to switch off the main boiler  22 , unit  25  and circulation pump  24 , while the electrical boiler  29  will be switched on, the main work of the boiler will be for the three upper floors, and if the main boiler  22  is installed in the basement—the boiler is more loaded for the whole building with four floors, or we will switch off the main boiler  22  installed in the basement and the unit  25  and switch on the electrical boiler  29  on the first floor, then the water flow in the basement will be effected vice versa: from the tie-in of the supply riser  28  through the unit  25  to the main boiler  22 , further to the basement manifold  23 , through the radiators  9  and  10  to the return manifold  12  and to the electrical boiler  29 ; when connecting the heated floor, we can use the energy-independent mode for the heated floor circulation: parallel to the return manifold  12  and/or the basement manifold  23 , where we want to make the heated floor the pipes  30  are laid—straight, with small slope to let the air out—both ends are tied-in into the return manifold on the first floor  12  and/or into the basement manifold  23 , or in order to increase the delivery pressure on the heated floor, we use the used water from the third floor: we tie-in the return pipe from the third floor  20 , not as previously,—into the same supply manifold  11 , but we run down the return riser  20  from the third floor and connect to the header  31  installed on the first floor and/or connect to the header  31  in the basement, and we connect the header return to the return manifold  12  on the first floor and/or to the basement manifold  23 , we lay the header  31  straight, with slight slope in order to let the air out, in the direction opposite to the heat carrier flow or run down from the third floor the return pipe  20  and tie-in into the return manifold  12  on the first floor and/or tie-in one floor lower into the basement manifold  23 , into the pipe coming down from the third floor  20  we tie-in without in series connection: 
 the supply and return of the heated floor unit  32 , which operates in its closed loop circuit in the forced manner on the first floor and/or in the basement, as all buildings differ in terms of design, we can 
 connect the heated floor in the other way: we tie-in into the return manifold  12 , which is located horizontally on the first floor, the heated floor unit  31 , which operates forced in its closed loop circuit, we tie-in without in series connections, where we find it convenient—the supply line of the unit is tied-in at the distance of, at least, 15-20 cm or similar, to the return line—and we tie-in into the basement manifold  23 , located in the basement, the heated floor unit  34 , with such connection we shall mandatory connect two heated floor units for balancing and/or connect one heated floor unit—but it is tied-in in the same way into the return collecting manifold  35 , which connects the boiler with the return manifolds, and what is important is that the water stream leaving the unit  34 , as the heated floor operates with the circulation pump, the water stream enters the return manifold  12  and/or the basement manifold  23  and involves the mass of water from the whole heating system, thus increasing the circulation in the entire building, and for this purpose, we shall supply the water stream from the heated floor unit  34  to the return manifold  12  or the basement manifold  23 —in a guided way, to tie-in the return of the unit  34  into the return manifold  12  and/or the basement manifold  23  with the 45° angle; we use the physical process of water, where in the same pipe there are a lot of layers with various specific gravity flow—it is important to realize what the physical resistance is: the radiator  2  and  3  are tied-in into the risers, which loopback connect the supply manifold  11  with the return manifold  12 , without connections in series with the riser: the hottest water coming from above, will flow through the radiator and the colder water will flow along the riser into the boiler—the resistance will be low, this will increase the circulation or we tie-in the radiator  8  in series with the riser  15 , as the radiator contains the large amount of water and through constant heat emission, the heat carrier in the radiator cools down and the layers in the radiator are constantly changing: the hotter water fills the top part of the radiator and some pressure shall be applied to push the colder water from the radiator into the boiler, and this generates high resistance for the circulation, or we tie-in the radiator diagonally into the riser or the radiator return into the return manifold diagonally—this will cause several-fold higher physical resistance as many layers flow in the manifold—cold streams may partially or completely press the circulations. 
 
     
     
         2 . The heating system under the Cl.  1  differs through the fact that the supply riser  28  coming from the main boiler  22  is additionally equipped with the unit UNK-1-40, UNK-1-50, which can provide both forced circulation and the energy-independent mode—automatically.