Methods and diets to protect against chemotoxicity and age related illnesses

Abstract

A method of improving longevity and/or alleviating a symptom of aging or preventing age related diseases is provided. The method includes a step in which the subject's average and type of daily protein intake, IGF-I, and IGFBP1 levels, and risk factors for overall mortality, cancer and diabetes are determined. With respect to protein consumption, the relative amounts of protein calories from animal and plant sources are determined. A periodic normal calorie or low calorie but low protein fasting mimicking diet with frequencies of every 2 weeks to 2 months is provided to the subject if the subject's average daily protein intake level and type and/or IGF-I levels, and/or IGFBP1 levels is identified as being greater or lower than a predetermined cutoff intake/level and if the subject is younger than a predetermined age. The method is also shown to alleviate symptoms of chemotoxicity.

1 - 43 . (canceled) 
     
     
         44 . A diet package comprising:
 a first set of rations for a first diet to be administered for a first time period to a subject, the first diet providing from 4.5 to 7 kilocalories per pound of subject for a first day and 3 to 5 kilocalories per pound of subject per day for a second to fifth day of the first diet, the diet package including:
 less than 30 g of sugar for the first day; 
 less than 20 g of sugar for the second to fifth days; 
 less than 28 g of proteins for the first day; and 
 less than 18 g of proteins for the second to fifth days; 
   instructions for treating a subject with the diet package to lower glucose and/or IGF-1 levels.   
     
     
         45 . The diet package of  claim 44  further comprising:
 20 to 30 grams of monounsaturated fats for the first day; 
 10 to 15 grams of monounsaturated fats for the second to fifth days; 
 between 6 and 10 grams of polyunsaturated fats for the first day; and 
 3 to 5 grams of polyunsaturated fats for the second to fifth days. 
 
     
     
         46 . The diet package of  claim 44  further comprising:
 less than 12 g of saturated fats for the first day; 
 less than 6 grams of saturated fats for the second to fifth days; and 
 12 to 25 grams of glycerol per day for the second to fifth days. 
 
     
     
         47 . The diet package of  claim 44  further comprising a second set of rations for a second diet to be administered to the subject for a second time period, the second diet providing an overall calorie consumption that is within 10 percent of a subject's normal calorie consumption for 25 to 26 days following the first diet. 
     
     
         48 . The diet package of  claim 44  wherein the first set of rations provide 400-800 mg of calcium per day for days 1-5; 7.2-14.4 mg of iron per day for days 1-5; 200-400 mg of magnesium per day for days 1-5; 1-2 mg of copper per day for days 1-5; 1-2 mg of manganese per day for days 1-5; and 3.5-7 mcg of selenium per day for days 1-5. 
     
     
         49 . The diet package of  claim 44  wherein the first set of rations provide 2-4 mg of Vitamin B1 per day for days 1-5; 2-4 mg of Vitamin B2 per day for days 1-5; 20-30 mg of Vitamin B3 per day for days 1-5; 1-1.5 mg of Vitamin B5 per day for days 1-5; 2-4 mg of Vitamin B6 per day for days 1-5; 240-480 mcg of Vitamin B9 per day for days 1-5; 600-1000 IU of Vitamin D per day for days 1-5; 14-30 mg of Vitamin E per day for days 1-5; over 80 mcg of Vitamin K per day for days 1-5; and 16-25 mcg Vitamin B12 are provided during the first time period. 
     
     
         50 . The diet package of  claim 44  wherein the first set of rations provide 600 mg of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, algae-derived) during the first time period. 
     
     
         51 . The diet package of  claim 44  further comprising a component having Vitamin A in an amount of 900-1600 IU; Ascorbic Acid in an amount of 10-20 mg; calcium carbonate in an amount of 60-100 mg; ferrous fumarate in an amount of 3-6 mg; cholecalciferol in an amount of 0.001-0.005 mg; dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate in an amount 3-7 mg; phytonadione in an amount of 0.1-0.04 mg; thiamine mononitrate in an amount of 0.15-0.5 mg; riboflavin in an amount 0.2-0.6 mg; and niacinamide in an amount of 3-7 mg. 
     
     
         52 . The diet package of  claim 51  further comprising a component having calcium pantothenate in an amount of 1.5-4.0 mg; pyridoxine hydrochloride in an amount of 0.3-0.7 mg; biotin in an amount of 0.01-0.02 mg; folic acid in an amount of 0.07-0.14 mg; cyanocobalamin in an amount of 0.001-0.002 mg; chromium picolinate in an amount of 0.014-0.022 mg; cupric sulfate in an amount of 0.18-0.32 mg; potassium iodide in an amount of 0.03-0.045 mg; magnesium oxide in an amount of 20-32 mg; manganese sulfate of 0.3-0.7 mg; sodium molybdate in an amount of 0.014-0.023 mg; sodium selenate in an amount of 0.014-0.023 mg; and zinc oxide in an amount of 3-5 mg.