Combined Measured Resection Methods and Instruments for Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

Described are methods, processes, tools, techniques and/or devices suitable for use in total or partial knee arthroplasty procedures, which can be used to balance the knee and/or allow confirmation of the various gaps in flexion and/or extension prior to resecting the distal and posterior cuts of the femur and/or the resection of the tibia. The various techniques and embodiments described herein may be particularly useful in optimizing and/or reducing the number of resection cuts and/or improper resection cuts made during knee surgery which could result from resecting the knee before balancing.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of performing a total knee arthroplasty procedure comprising:
 making a primary incision near a knee joint of a patient;   aligning a femoral jig with a femur of the knee joint;   aligning a tibial jig with a tibia of the patient;   positioning a spacer block at least partially between the femoral jig and tibial jig, the spacer block including a medial height and a lateral height sized and configured to facilitate balancing of the knee by a surgeon;   using a resection guide of at least one of the femoral or tibial jigs to guide a surgical cutting tool in cutting a resection plane on one of the femur or tibia.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the medial height and lateral height are differing heights. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the medial height and lateral height are the same height. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the spacer block is attached to the femoral jig. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the spacer block is attached to the tibial jig. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the tibial jig is attached to the tibia. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the femoral jig is attached to at least one surface selected from the group consisting of an anterior femoral surface and a distal femoral surface. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the medial height of the spacer block approximates a medial thickness of a knee implant for use in the total knee arthroplasty procedure. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the medial and lateral heights is adjustable. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the lateral height of the spacer block approximates a lateral thickness of a knee implant for use in the total knee arthroplasty procedure. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the medial height of the spacer block approximates a medial flexed thickness of a knee implant for use in the total knee arthroplasty procedure 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the medial height of the spacer block approximates a medial extended thickness of a knee implant for use in the total knee arthroplasty procedure 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the spacer block modifies an alignment of the knee joint to at least partially correct a preoperative deformity of the knee joint. 
     
     
         14 . A method of balancing a knee joint prior to resecting a bone surface during a total knee arthroplasty procedure, comprising:
 aligning a tibial referencing component with a tibia of the knee joint prior to resecting the knee joint;   aligning a femoral extension referencing component with a femur of the knee joint prior to resecting the knee joint;   positioning the knee joint in an extended position and inserting an extension spacer block between the tibial referencing component and the femoral extension referencing component, the extension spacer block being sized and configured to facilitate balancing of the knee joint in the extended position;   positioning the knee joint in a flexed position;   aligning a femoral flexion referencing component to the femur of the knee joint prior to resecting the knee joint;   inserting a flexion spacer block between the tibial referencing component and the femoral flexion referencing component, the flexion spacer block being sized and configured to facilitate balancing of the knee joint in the flexed position; and   resecting at least one bone surface of the knee after balancing the knee in the extended and flexed positions.   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the step of aligning a femoral extension referencing component with a femur of the knee joint prior to resecting the knee joint comprises attaching the femoral extension referencing component to the femur. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the flexion spacer block includes medial and lateral heights that approximate a medial composite thickness and a lateral composite thickness of a knee arthroplasty implant that is implanted into the knee during the total knee arthroplasty procedure. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the extension spacer block and the flexion spacer block are a single component. 
     
     
         18 . A knee joint balancing instrument comprising:
 a first body including a surface for contacting an anterior surface of a femur of the knee joint, the first body further including a first resection guide surface for guiding a surgical cutting instrument;   a second body including a surface for contacting an anterior surface of a tibia of the knee joint, the second body including a second resection guide surface for guiding a surgical cutting instrument;   a third body positioned between the first and second bodies, the third body being sized and configured to replicate a medial thickness and a lateral thickness of a knee prosthesis for implantation onto the knee joint.   
     
     
         19 . The knee joint balancing instrument of  claim 18 , wherein the surface for contacting the anterior surface of the tibia of the knee joint includes at least one patient-specific feature. 
     
     
         20 . The knee joint balancing instrument of  claim 18 , wherein the surface for contacting the femoral surface of the femur of the knee joint is patient-specific.