Modification of feeding behavior

Abstract

Methods are disclosed for decreasing calorie intake, food intake, and appetite in a subject. The methods include peripherally administering PYY or an agonist thereof and GLP-1 or an agonist thereof to the subject, simultaneously or sequentially, thereby decreasing the calorie intake of the subject.

1 . A method for decreasing calorie intake or food intake in a subject, for preventing or reducing weight gain or inducing weight loss in a subject, or controlling any one or more of appetite, satiety, and hunger in a subject comprising peripherally administering a therapeutically effective amount of Peptide YY (PYY) or an agonist thereof and a therapeutically effective amount of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or an agonist thereof to the subject. 
     
     
         2 . (canceled) 
     
     
         3 . (canceled) 
     
     
         4 . (canceled) 
     
     
         5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . (canceled) 
     
     
         7 . (canceled) 
     
     
         8 . A method for alleviating a condition or disorder in a subject which can be alleviated by reducing nutrient availability, which comprises peripherally administering a therapeutically effective amount of PYY or an agonist thereof and a therapeutically effective amount of GLP-1 or an agonist thereof to the subject. 
     
     
         9 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the PYY or agonist thereof and the GLP-1 or agonist thereof are administered simultaneously or sequentially. 
     
     
         10 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the PYY and the GLP-1 are administered via different routes. 
     
     
         11 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the subject is overweight or obese. 
     
     
         12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the subject is diabetic. 
     
     
         14 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein peripheral administration comprises subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, transdermal or sublingual administration. 
     
     
         15 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein peripherally administering PYY or the agonist thereof comprises administering about 45 to about 135 pmol per kilogram body weight of the subject. 
     
     
         16 . (canceled) 
     
     
         17 . A method as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein peripherally administering PYY or the agonist thereof comprises administering about 45 to about 135 pmol per kilogram body weight of the subject at least 30 minutes prior to a meal. 
     
     
         18 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein peripherally administering the therapeutically effective amount of PYY or the agonist thereof comprises administering PYY or an agonist thereof to the subject in a multitude of doses, wherein each dose in the multitude of doses comprises administration of about 0.5 to about 135 pmol per kilogram of body weight at least about 30 minutes prior to a meal. 
     
     
         19 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the PYY or the agonist thereof is administered in an amount sufficient to decrease calorie intake for a period of at least about 2 hours. 
     
     
         20 . A method as claimed in  claim 19 , wherein the PYY or the agonist thereof is administered in an amount sufficient to decrease calorie intake for a period of about 2 to 12 hours. 
     
     
         21 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the PYY or agonist thereof is administered peripherally at a dose of 0.1 to 3.2 nmoles per kg body weight of the subject. 
     
     
         22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the GLP-1 or agonist thereof is administered peripherally at a dose of 0.1 to 3.2 nmoles per kg body weight of the subject. 
     
     
         24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . (canceled) 
     
     
         26 . (canceled) 
     
     
         27 . (canceled) 
     
     
         28 . (canceled) 
     
     
         29 . (canceled) 
     
     
         30 . (canceled) 
     
     
         31 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the GLP-1 agonist is exendin-4 or a derivative thereof that is a GLP-1 agonist. 
     
     
         32 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of amfepramone (diethylpropion), phentermine, mazindol, phenylpropanolamine, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, or fluoxetine. 
     
     
         33 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the subject is human. 
     
     
         34 . (canceled) 
     
     
         35 . (canceled) 
     
     
         36 . (canceled) 
     
     
         37 . (canceled) 
     
     
         38 . (canceled) 
     
     
         39 . (canceled) 
     
     
         40 . (canceled) 
     
     
         41 . (canceled) 
     
     
         42 . (canceled) 
     
     
         43 . (canceled) 
     
     
         44 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising PYY or an agonist thereof and GLP-1 or an agonist thereof, in admixture or in conjunction with a pharmaceutically suitable carrier. 
     
     
         45 . (canceled) 
     
     
         46 . A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in  claim 44 , which comprises 30 nmoles or more of PYY or an agonist thereof. 
     
     
         47 . A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in  claim 46 , which comprises from 20 to 60 nmoles of PYY or an agonist thereof. 
     
     
         48 . (canceled) 
     
     
         49 . A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in  claim 44 , which comprises PYY or an agonist thereof in an amount suitable for administration peripherally in an amount of 0.1 to 3.2 nmoles per kg body weight of the subject. 
     
     
         50 . A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in  claim 49 , in unit dosage form. 
     
     
         51 . A method as defined in  claim 1 , which comprises administering PYY or an agonist thereof subcutaneously at a dose of 10 nmoles or more to the subject of the method. 
     
     
         52 . A method as claimed in  claim 51 , wherein from 20 to 60 nmoles of PYY or an agonist thereof are administered. 
     
     
         53 . (canceled) 
     
     
         54 . (canceled) 
     
     
         55 . (canceled) 
     
     
         56 . (canceled) 
     
     
         57 . (canceled) 
     
     
         58 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the PYY or agonist thereof is PYY 3-36 . 
     
     
         59 . A method as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the PYY or agonist thereof is modified by one or more of amidation, glycosylation, acylation, sulfation, phosphorylation, cyclization, lipidization, or pegylation.