Patient-specific tools and implants

Abstract

A method for preparing a femoral neck for receiving a neck implant includes resecting a femoral head from a femoral neck of a patient according to a pre-operative patient-specific plan. The method also includes removing only cancellous bone from the femoral neck and proximal femoral bone of the patient using a patient-specific broach. The patient-specific broach has a three-dimensional cutting surface matching as a negative mold a cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the patient.

1 - 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A femoral neck implant comprising:
 a body for implantation into a femoral neck of a patient, the body having a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis of the body and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer surface that nests and conforms complementarily to a cortical boundary surface corresponding to a cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient after removing only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck; and   a neck portion extending from the body and configured for coupling with a femoral head implant.   
     
     
         22 . The femoral neck implant of  claim 21 , wherein the neck portion is configured to be aligned along a patient-specific articulation axis. 
     
     
         23 . The femoral neck implant of  claim 21 , further comprising a flange coupled to the body and configured for abutting a resected surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient. 
     
     
         24 . The femoral neck implant of  claim 21 , wherein the body is sized to extend only into the femoral neck of the specific patient and has a patient-specific length. 
     
     
         25 . The femoral neck implant of  claim 21 , wherein the femoral head implant is coupled to the neck portion and has a patient-specific shape. 
     
     
         26 . The femoral neck implant of  claim 21 , in further combination with a femoral neck cutting tool comprising:
 a body having a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer cutting surface that nests and conforms complementarily to the cortical boundary surface corresponding to the cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient, wherein the body is configured for removing only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck of the specific patient to facilitate implantation of the femoral neck implant.   
     
     
         27 . The femoral neck implant of  claim 21 , in further combination with a patient-specific guide for preparing the femoral neck of the specific patient for receiving the femoral neck implant, the guide comprising:
 a first wall having a first inner surface with a patient-specific inner bore therethrough, wherein the first inner surface is configured to mate with a resected surface of the femoral neck, wherein the patient-specific inner bore is configured for guiding a cutting tool to remove only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck to the cortical boundary surface corresponding to the cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck for receiving the femoral neck implant; and   a peripheral wall extending from the first wall, wherein the peripheral wall includes a three-dimensional patient-specific peripheral inner surface configured to mate in only one position with an outer peripheral surface of the femoral neck after resection by the cutting tool.   
     
     
         28 . A patient-specific guide for preparing a femoral neck of a patient for receiving a femoral neck implant comprising:
 a first wall having a first inner surface with a patient-specific inner bore therethrough, wherein the first inner surface is configured to mate with a resected surface of the femoral neck, wherein the patient-specific inner bore is configured for guiding a cutting tool to remove only a cancellous bone from the femoral neck to a cortical boundary surface corresponding to a cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of a specific patient; and   a peripheral wall extending from the first wall, wherein the peripheral wall includes a three-dimensional patient-specific peripheral inner surface configured to mate in only one position with an outer peripheral surface of the femoral neck after resection by the cutting tool.   
     
     
         29 . The patient-specific guide of  claim 28 , in further combination with the cutting tool which includes a body having a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer cutting surface that nests and conforms complementarily to the cortical boundary surface corresponding to the cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient, wherein the body is configured for removing only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck of the specific patient. 
     
     
         30 . The patient-specific guide of  claim 28 , in further combination with the patient-specific femoral neck implant, the femoral neck implant comprising:
 a body for implantation into a femoral neck of a patient, the body having a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis of the body and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer surface that nests and conforms complementarily to the resected surface corresponding to the cortical boundary surface at the cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient; and   a neck portion extending from the body and configured for coupling with a femoral head implant.   
     
     
         31 . A femoral neck cutting tool comprising:
 a body having a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer cutting surface that closely nests and conforms complementarily to a cortical boundary surface corresponding to a cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of a femoral neck of the specific patient and configured for removing only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck of the patient; and   a non patient-specific coupling component for engaging a non patent-specific driver tool.   
     
     
         32 . The cutting tool of  claim 31 , wherein the coupling component includes a protrusion extending from a proximal surface of the cutting tool and a bore defined through the proximal surface of the cutting tool. 
     
     
         33 . The cutting tool of  claim 32 , in combination with a driver tool having a distal surface with a driver tool bore for receiving the protrusion and a retractable rod having a distal portion insertable into the bore of the cutting tool for holding the cutting tool. 
     
     
         34 . The cutting tool of  claim 31 , in further combination with a patient-specific guide for preparing the femoral neck of the specific patient, the guide comprising:
 a first wall having a first inner surface with a patient-specific inner bore therethrough, wherein the first inner surface is configured to mate with a resected surface of the femoral neck, wherein the patient-specific inner bore is configured for guiding the cutting tool to remove only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck to the cortical boundary surface corresponding to the cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck for receiving a femoral neck implant; and   a peripheral wall extending from the first wall, wherein the peripheral wall includes a three-dimensional patient-specific peripheral inner surface configured to mate in only one position with an outer peripheral surface of the femoral neck after resection.   
     
     
         35 . The cutting tool of  claim 31 , in further combination with a patient-specific neck implant having a body with a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis of the body and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer surface that nests and conforms complementarily to the resected surface which corresponds to cortical boundary surface at the cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient after removal of only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck. 
     
     
         36 . A system for preparing a femoral neck of a specific patient comprising:
 a cutting tool having a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer cutting surface that nests and conforms complementarily to a cortical boundary surface corresponding to a cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient, wherein the cutting tool is configured for removing only a cancellous bone from the femoral neck of the specific patient to create a resected surface; and   a femoral neck implant for implantation into the femoral neck of a patient, the femoral neck implant having a body with a patient-specific cross-section of variable size and shape along a longitudinal axis of the body and a patient-specific three-dimensional outer surface that nests and conforms complementarily to the resected surface which corresponds to cortical boundary surface at the cortical/cancellous bone interface surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient after removal of only the cancellous bone from the femoral neck.   
     
     
         37 . The system of  claim 36 , in further combination with a patient-specific guide comprising:
 a first wall having a first inner surface with a patient-specific inner bore therethrough, wherein the first inner surface is configured to mate with the resected surface; and   a peripheral wall extending from the first wall, wherein the peripheral wall includes a three-dimensional patient-specific peripheral inner surface configured to mate in only one position with an outer peripheral surface of the femoral neck after resection.   
     
     
         38 . The system of  claim 36 , wherein the femoral neck implant further includes a neck portion extending from the body, the neck portion is configured to be aligned along a patient-specific articulation axis. 
     
     
         39 . The system of  claim 36 , wherein the femoral neck implant further includes a flange coupled to the body and configured for abutting the resected surface of the femoral neck of the specific patient. 
     
     
         40 . The system of  claim 36 , wherein the body of the femoral neck is sized to extend only into the femoral neck of the specific patient and has a patient-specific length.