E-prostanoid receptor, ptger3, as a novel anti-diabetic therapeutic target

Abstract

Provided herein are methods for increasing insulin secretion from beta cells. Also provide herein are methods comprising administering to a subject in need of increased insulin secretion a composition comprising a compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase and an E prostanoid 3 (EP3) receptor antagonist that attenuates G alpha-i-subfamily (GSIS)-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition.

1 - 6 . (canceled) 
     
     
         7 . A method for increasing insulin secretion from beta cells of a diabetic individual, the method comprising administering to the individual a therapeutic combination comprising therapeutically effective amounts of (1) a compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase and (2) an E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist that attenuates G alpha-i-subfamily-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition, whereby the beta cells secrete more insulin after the therapeutic combination is administered than before, and wherein the amount of insulin secreted by the beta cells is increased relative to that secreted by beta cells of a diabetic individual not receiving the combination or receiving either the adenylate cyclase-activating compound or the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist alone. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is selected from the group consisting of a compound that activates a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, a compound that activates a gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) receptor, and a compound that activates a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) receptor. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the compound that activates the GLP-1 receptor is selected from the group consisting of a DPP-4 inhibitor and an incretin mimetic. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of L-798,106 and DG-041. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is sitagliptin and the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is L-798,106. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is sitagliptin and the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is DG-041. 
     
     
         13 . A method of treating diabetes in an individual, the method comprising administering to a diabetic individual in need of increased insulin secretion a therapeutic combination comprising therapeutically effective amounts of (1) a compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase and (2) an E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist that attenuates G alpha-i-subfamily-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition, whereby beta cells of the individual secrete more insulin after the therapeutic combination is administered than before, wherein insulin secretion is increased relative to that of beta cells of a diabetic individual not receiving the combination or receiving either the adenylate cyclase-activating compound or the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist alone, and whereby the increased insulin secretion treats diabetes in the individual. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is selected from the group consisting of a compound that activates a GLP-1 receptor, a compound that activates a GIP receptor, and a compound that activates a PACAP receptor. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the compound that activates the GLP-1 receptor is selected from the group consisting of a DPP-4 inhibitor and an incretin mimetic. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of L-798,106 and DG-041. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is sitagliptin and the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is L-798,106. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is sitagliptin and the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is DG-041. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the diabetes is Type II diabetes. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the therapeutic combination comprises more than one compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the therapeutic combination comprises more than one E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist that attenuates G alpha-i-subfamily-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is a GLP-1 mimetic or a DPP-4 inhibitor. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the therapeutically effective amounts are lower than effective amounts of the adenylate cyclase-activating compound or the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist when either is administered alone. 
     
     
         24 . A composition comprising therapeutically effective amounts of (1) a compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase and (2) an E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist that attenuates G alpha-i-subfamily-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         25 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is selected from the group consisting of a compound that activates a GLP-1 receptor, a compound that activates a GIP receptor, and a compound that activates a PACAP receptor. 
     
     
         26 . The composition of  claim 25 , wherein the compound that activates the GLP-1 receptor is selected from the group consisting of a DPP-4 inhibitor and an incretin mimetic. 
     
     
         27 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of L-798,106 and DG-041. 
     
     
         28 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is sitagliptin and the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is L-798,106. 
     
     
         29 . The composition of  claim 24 , wherein the compound that directly or indirectly activates adenylate cyclase is sitagliptin and the E prostanoid 3 receptor antagonist is DG-041.