Bismuth-based energetic materials

Abstract

Energetic compounds based on bismuth salts with reduced toxicity that are obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with soluble salts of organic or inorganic energetic compounds based on azides, derivatives aromatic nitro compounds or nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, together with the methods for their preparation and application.

1 - 12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . Energetic compounds based on bismuth salts with reduced toxicity, having properties of primary explosives, obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with the soluble salts of inorganic and organic energetic compounds. 
     
     
         14 . Energetic compounds according to  claim 13 , in which the cation is an ion of bismuth and the anion comprises compounds that are selected from a group consisting of inorganic azides or of derivatives of aromatic nitro compounds or of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. 
     
     
         15 . Energetic compounds as defined in  claim 14 , in which bismuth is potentially bonded in the form of cations of Bi(3+), BiO(+), Bi(OH) 2 (+), Bi(OH)(2+), (BiO) 5 OH(4+), Bi 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (6+). 
     
     
         16 . Energetic compounds according to  claim 13 , in which the anion has been selected from a group consisting of inorganic azides, polynitrophenols, polynitro-azidophenols, derivatives of polynitro-diazo-chinones, polynitro-furoxanes and five-membered nitrogenous heterocycles. 
     
     
         17 . Energetic compounds according to  claim 14 , in which the type of specific cation of Bi is dependent on the pH of the reaction solution. 
     
     
         18 . Energetic compounds according to  claim 13 , obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with inorganic azides. 
     
     
         19 . Energetic compounds according to  claim 13 , obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with polynitrophenols such as picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), styphnic acid (2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol), trinitrophloroglucinol (2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), with derivatives of polynitro-diazo-chinones as 4,6-dinitro-3-hydroxychinon-diazonium and 4,6-dinitro-3-carboxy-chinon-diazonium, with polynitro-azidophenols such as 4,6-dinitro-2-azidophenol and 2,3,6-trinitro-p-azidophenol and with polynitro-furoxanes such as 4,6-dinitro-benzofuroxane. 
     
     
         20 . Energetic compounds according to  claim 13 , obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with such explosive derivatives of tetrazoles such as 5,5′-azotetrazole, 5,5′-azoxytetrazole, 5,5′-bis-tetrazole, 5,5′-diazo-aminotetrazole, 5,5′-bis-tetrazolyl-hydrazine, 5-nitramino-1-H-tetrazole, 5-nitro-1-H-tetrazole, 5-azido-1-H-tetrazole and 5-hydrazo-1-H-tetrazole. 
     
     
         21 . A method for the preparation of energetic compounds based on bismuth salts with reduced toxicity, according to  claim 13 , comprising the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with the soluble salts of organic or inorganic energetic compounds based on azides, on aromatic nitro compounds or on nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. 
     
     
         22 . A method for the preparation of a soluble bismuth salt for the production of energetic compounds according to  claim 13 , in which soluble bismuth salt is formed by the reaction of a concentrated perchloric acid with metal bismuth and its oxides or with oxo-carbonates thereby creating bismuth perchlorate that when additionally diluted with water undergoes hydrolysis and forms a soluble bismuth oxo-perchlorate. 
     
     
         23 . The use of bismuth salt in the form of a bismuth oxo-perchlorate prepared in accordance with  claim 22  as a precipitant for the production of the energetic compounds. 
     
     
         24 . The use of bismuth salts with reduced toxicity, according to  claim 13 , for the main or auxiliary energetic compounds designated for centrefire or rimfire ammunition and for cartridges for sporting, hunting and also for military ammunition or as additional energetic compounds for primer compositions and for various types of ignition pyrotechnical compositions, for squib for electric blasting caps and for airbags.