Honeybee Repellents and Uses Thereof

Abstract

The present specification discloses honeybee repellents exhibiting repellent properties similar to 2-heptanone, compositions comprising such repellents, uses to repel a honeybee from a mammal, location, plant, structure treated of such repellents, and methods of treating a mammal, location, plant, structure by applying such repellents.

1 . A honeybee repellent that is formula IV. 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: X 1  and X 2  are each independently N, O or S; and R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are each independently H, OH, OOH, O, OO, C(O), C(O)H, C(O)OH, OC(O)O, C(O)NC(O), halide, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxyl, haloalkyl, oxoalkyl, oxyalkyl, C 1-6  alkyl, C 2-6  alkenyl, C 2-6  alkynyl, OC 1-6  alkyl, OC 2-6  alkenyl, OC 2-6  alkynyl, CO 2 C 1-6  alkyl, CO 2 C 2-6  alkenyl, or CO 2 C 2-6  alkynyl. 
       
     
     
         2 . The honeybee repellent according to  claim 1 , having formula IVa 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: X 1  and X 2  are each independently N or O; and R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are each independently H, OH, OOH, O, OO, C(O), C(O)H, C(O)OH, OC(O)O, C(O)NC(O), halide, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxyl, haloalkyl, oxoalkyl, oxyalkyl, C 1-6  alkyl, C 2-6  alkenyl, C 2-6  alkynyl, OC 1-6  alkyl, OC 2-6  alkenyl, OC 2-6  alkynyl, CO 2 C 1-6  alkyl, CO 2 C 2-6  alkenyl, or CO 2 C 2-6  alkynyl. 
       
     
     
         3 . The honeybee repellent according to  claim 1 , having formula IVb 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: X 1  and X 2  are each independently N; and R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are each independently H, OH, OOH, O, OO, C(O), C(O)H, C(O)OH, OC(O)O, C(O)NC(O), halide, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxyl, haloalkyl, oxoalkyl, oxyalkyl, C 1-6  alkyl, C 2-6  alkenyl, C 2-6  alkynyl, OC 1-6  alkyl, OC 2-6  alkenyl, OC 2-6  alkynyl, CO 2 C 1-6  alkyl, CO 2 C 2-6  alkenyl, or CO 2 C 2-6  alkynyl. 
       
     
     
         4 . The honeybee repellent according to  claim 1  that is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         5 . A composition comprising a compound as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         7 . The composition according to  claim 5 , wherein the composition further comprises a solvent, a wetting agent, an emulsifying agent, a carrier, a diluent, or a dispersing agent. 
     
     
         8 . The composition according to  claim 5 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more an adhesive, an insecticide, a pesticide, a fungicide, a fertilizer of a micronutrient or macronutrient nature, a herbicide, a feeding inhibitor, an insect molting inhibitor, an insect mating inhibitor, an insect maturation inhibitor, a nematocide, a nutritional or horticultural supplement, a larvicide, a seed, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The composition according to  claim 8 , wherein the insecticide is an organochlorine, an organophosphate, a carbamate, a pyrethroid, or a neonicotinoid. 
     
     
         10 . The composition according to  claim 9 , wherein the neonicotinoid is Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Thiacloprid, or Thiamethoxam. 
     
     
         11 . A method of repelling a honeybee from a structure or location, the method comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a honeybee repellent as defined in  claim 1  to the structure or the location, wherein application of the honeybee repellent to the structure or the location repels a honeybee from the structure or the location. 
     
     
         12 . A method of repelling a honeybee from a structure or location, the method comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a composition as defined in  claim 5  to the structure or the location, wherein application of the composition to the structure or the location repels a honeybee from the structure or the location. 
     
     
         13 . A method of repelling a honeybee from a plant, the method comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a honeybee repellent as defined in  claim 1  to the plant or in a location in the vicinity of the plant, wherein application of the honeybee repellent to the plant or the location repels a honeybee from foraging and/or collecting nectar from a flower of the treated plant or from a flower in the vicinity of the treated location. 
     
     
         14 . A method of repelling a honeybee from a plant, the method comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a composition as defined in  claim 5  to the plant or in a location in the vicinity of the plant, wherein application of the honeybee repellent to the plant or the location repels a honeybee from foraging and/or collecting nectar from a flower of the treated plant or from a flower in the vicinity of the treated location. 
     
     
         15 . A seed composition comprising a seed and a honeybee repellent as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         16 . The seed composition of  claim 15 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more of an insecticide, a pesticide, a fungicide, a fertilizer of a micronutrient or macronutrient nature, a herbicide, a feeding inhibitor, an insect molting inhibitor, an insect mating inhibitor, an insect maturation inhibitor, a nematocide, a nutritional or horticultural supplement, a larvicide, a seed, or any combination thereof 
     
     
         17 . The seed composition according to  claim 16 , wherein the insecticide is an organochlorine, an organophosphate, a carbamate, a pyrethroid, or a neonicotinoid. 
     
     
         18 . The seed composition according to  claim 17 , wherein the neonicotinoid is Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Thiacloprid, or Thiamethoxam. 
     
     
         19 . A housing or dispensing device comprising a honeybee repellent as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         20 . A housing or dispensing device comprising a honeybee repellent as defined in  claim 5 .