Pumping unit for oil drilling, with a movement control mechanism and a mobile body within a rotating head

Abstract

This invention refers to a pumping unit for drilling oil in the field of oil prospecting equipment, comprising an oil well stem ( 120 ) which alters the length of said stem ( 120 ). The halter adjustment mechanism applied to a pumping unit for oil drilling comprises a fixed body ( 10 ) fitted with a peripheral support for fixing the steel cables ( 11 ) attached to the head ( 110 ) of the pumping unit ( 100 ). On the periphery of the fixed body ( 10 ) guides ( 12 ) are placed, wherein the peripheral support is displaced, a position sensor ( 121 ) being provided on the top end of such guide ( 12 ). The movement control mechanism of a mobile body within a rigid head of a pumping unit, which is the object of this invention, comprises equipment composed of a fixed portion ( 31 ) and a mobile portion ( 36 ). The fixed portion ( 31 ) comprises a reducer set ( 32 ), with a differential gear box ( 33 ) and the engine thereof ( 10 ) and a control system ( 38 ). The mobile portion ( 36 ) comprises a rotating head ( 35 ) over which a mobile body is attached ( 39 ), with a worm gear ( 37 ), a master gear ( 34 ), transfer gears ( 11 ), ( 12 ) and ( 13 ) and a movement system ( 14 ).

1 - “PUMPING UNIT FOR OIL DRILLING” wherein an automatic adjustment mechanism adapted on the oil well stem ( 120 ) alters the stem length ( 120 ), decreasing or increasing same so as to set-off the shifting of the pumping course of the pumping unit ( 100 ), keeping the top of the stem ( 120 ) always in the same position, and avoiding the need to turn off the pumping unit ( 100 ) when this is fitted with automatic course regulation at each necessary shifting of the course; 
     
     
         2 - “PUMPING UNIT FOR OIL DRILLING” wherein the fixed body ( 10 ) is fitted with a peripheral support for fixing the steel cables ( 11 ) which are coupled to the head ( 110 ) of the pumping unit ( 100 ), where guides ( 12 ) are attached to the fixed body ( 10 ) periphery, where the peripheral support is displaced, a position sensor ( 121 ) being provided on the top end of said guide ( 12 ); 
     
     
         3 - “PUMPING UNIT FOR OIL DRILLING” wherein the telescopic mobile body ( 13 ) on the inner position of the fixed body has its course defined according to the movement of the pumping unit (PU) head ( 11 ), moving in the same proportion as the movement of such head ( 110 ), such mobile body ( 13 ) with movement driven by an electrical-hydraulic unit ( 20 ), so that, when the pumping course is shifted, an electronic system detects the new position that the mobile body ( 13 ) should reach ( 13 ) so as to set-off the movement, and drives the electrical-hydraulic unit ( 20 ) which commands movement of the mobile body ( 13 ) so that it causes displacement thereof until it reaches the desired position as identified by the position sensor ( 121 ). 
     
     
         4 - “PUMPING UNIT FOR OIL DRILLING” wherein the stem top ( 120 ) stays on the same point even when the head ( 110 ) descends due to a shifting of the course, with the automatic halter adjustment mechanism altering the length of the stem ( 120 ), so that the stem top ( 120 ) is always in the same position. 
     
     
         5 - “MOVEMENT CONTROL MECHANISM OF A MOBILE BODY WITHIN A ROTATING HEAD” comprising an equipment composed of a fixed portion ( 31 ) and a mobile portion ( 36 ), with the fixed portion ( 31 ) being composed of a reducer set ( 32 ), with a differential gear box ( 33 ) and its engine ( 40 ) and a control system ( 38 ), and the mobile portion ( 36 ) being composed of a rotating head ( 35 ) on which a mobile body is placed ( 39 ), a worm gear ( 37 ), a master gear ( 34 ), transfer gears ( 41 ), ( 42 ) and ( 43 ), and a movement system ( 44 ); 
     
     
         6 - “MOVEMENT CONTROL MECHANISM OF A MOBILE BODY WITHIN A ROTATING HEAD” according to  claim 5 , wherein the reducer ( 32 ) rotates the mobile portion ( 36 ) entirely on the axle ( 45 ), the gear ( 34 ) being fixed on the axle ( 45 ) and rotating together driving the differential ( 33 ) through the transfer gear ( 42 ), with the differential ( 33 ) transferring the rotation to the gear ( 41 ) which rotates in the same direction as the gear ( 42 ); 
     
     
         7 - “MOVEMENT CONTROL MECHANISM OF A MOBILE BODY WITHIN A ROTATING HEAD” according to  claim 5 , wherein the worm gear ( 37 ) is not fixed to the axle ( 45 ), but transfers the traction to the transfer gear ( 43 ) which, through the movement system ( 44 ) moves the mobile body ( 39 ), where, when the differential ( 33 ) engine ( 40 ) is turned off the master gear ( 34 ) and the worm gear ( 37 ) rotate at the same rate and in the same direction, and thus the gear ( 43 ) and the system ( 44 ) are not driven, and the mobile body ( 39 ) does not move on the rotating head ( 35 ); 
     
     
         8 - “MOVEMENT CONTROL MECHANISM OF A MOBILE BODY WITHIN A ROTATING HEAD” according to  claim 5 , wherein when the differential ( 33 ) engine ( 40 ) is not turned on, the mobile body ( 39 ) will not be displaced along the rotating head ( 35 ), with the mobile portion ( 36 ) either rotating or still; when the engine ( 40 ) is turned on, the gear ( 41 ) rotates at a different rate ( 42 ) causing the worm gear ( 37 ) to rotate at a different rate than the master gear ( 34 ), so that such rate difference moves the gear ( 43 ) which through the movement system ( 44 ) displaces the mobile body ( 39 ) along the rotating head ( 35 ). By inverting the direction of the engine ( 40 ) rotation the mobile body ( 39 ) will be displaced towards the opposite direction, so that such displacement takes place both when the mobile portion ( 36 ) is rotating and when it is still. 
     
     
         9 - “MOVEMENT CONTROL MECHANISM OF A MOBILE BODY WITHIN A ROTATING HEAD” according to  claim 5 , wherein the differential gear box ( 33 ) transfers the rotation of its engine ( 40 ) completely if the mobile portion ( 36 ) is still, however, if the mobile portion ( 36 ) is rotating driven by the reducer ( 32 ), the differential ( 33 ) sets-off the rotation of its engine ( 40 ) adding to or subtracting from the rotation of the mobile portion ( 36 ) so that the displacement of the mobile body ( 39 ) always takes place at the same rate, so that the differential ( 33 ) sets-off the rotation, receiving the rotation of the gear ( 42 ) that is being moved by the master gear ( 34 ). 
     
     
         10 - “MOVEMENT CONTROL MECHANISM OF A MOBILE BODY WITHIN A ROTATING HEAD” according to  claim 5 , wherein the control system ( 38 ) for recording the relative position of the mobile body ( 39 ) reports to the engine ( 40 ), when it is time to stop and the necessary rotation direction for achieving another desired position.