Methods for reducing contamination during enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass-derived cellulose

Abstract

Some variations provide a method of enzymatically converting biomass-derived cellulose to glucose, comprising exposing the biomass-derived cellulose to (i) cellulase enzymes, to hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose; and (ii) an external sulfur-containing compound, to deter bacterial and/or yeast contamination during cellulose hydrolysis. In some embodiments, the sulfur-containing compound includes sulfur dioxide or lignosulfonates. When the sulfur-containing compound includes lignosulfonates, the lignosulfonates may also function as an enzyme surfactant to assist hydrolysis, in addition to deterring bacterial and/or yeast growth/contamination. This method may be applied to cellulose-rich solids obtained from the AVAP® fractionation process, the Green Power+® pretreatment process, or any other source of cellulose-rich solids.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of enzymatically converting biomass-derived cellulose to glucose, said method comprising exposing said biomass-derived cellulose to (i) cellulase enzymes, to hydrolyze said cellulose to glucose; and (ii) an external sulfur-containing compound, to deter bacterial and/or yeast contamination during cellulose hydrolysis. 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound includes sulfur dioxide. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound includes lignosulfonates. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein said lignosulfonates also function as an enzyme surfactant to assist hydrolysis. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said biomass-derived cellulose is obtained from biomass fractionation in the presence of sulfur dioxide, and wherein said sulfur dioxide, or a derivative thereof, is employed as said sulfur-containing compound during said cellulose hydrolysis. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein lignosulfonic acid is employed as said sulfur-containing compound during said cellulose hydrolysis, wherein said lignosulfonic acid is produced by reaction between said sulfur dioxide and lignin contained in the same biomass from which biomass-derived cellulose is derived. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound is present in solution during said cellulose hydrolysis at a concentration from about 10 ppm to about 1 wt %. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound is present in solution during said cellulose hydrolysis at a concentration from about 10 ppm to about 1000 ppm. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , said method further comprising fermenting said glucose to a fermentation product. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound is removed prior to said fermenting. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound is removed following said fermenting. 
     
     
         12 . A process for producing a fermentation product from cellulosic biomass, said process comprising:
 (a) in a digestor, fractionating a feedstock comprising lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of a solvent for lignin, a hydrolysis catalyst, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin;   (b) substantially separating said cellulose-rich solids from said liquor;   (c) hydrolyzing said hemicellulose contained in said liquor to produce fermentable hemicellulosic monomers;   (d) enzymatically converting cellulose-rich solids to glucose, comprising exposing said cellulose-rich solids to (i) cellulase enzymes, to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose; and (ii) an external sulfur-containing compound, to deter bacterial and/or yeast contamination during cellulose hydrolysis; and   (e) fermenting at least a portion of said glucose and optionally said fermentable hemicellulosic monomers to a fermentation product.   
     
     
         13 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein said solvent for lignin comprises an oxygenated hydrocarbon, C 1 -C 8  aliphatic or aromatic alcohol, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, organic acid, inorganic acid, ionic liquid, or combination thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein said hydrolysis catalyst in step (a) is selected from the group consisting of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, lignosulfonic acid, elemental sulfur, polysulfides, and combinations or derivatives thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound in step (d) is said hydrolysis catalyst from step (a), or a reaction product thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The process of  claim 15 , wherein said hydrolysis catalyst is sulfur dioxide and wherein said reaction product is lignosulfonic acid or lignosulfonate. 
     
     
         17 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein said fermentation product includes an organic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, malonic acid, aspartic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, itaconic acid, levulinic acid, ascorbic acid, gluconic acid, kojic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, proline, lysine, alanine, serine, and any isomers, derivatives, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein said fermentation product includes an oxygenated compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, glycerol, sorbitol, propanediol, butanediol, butanetriol, pentanediol, hexanediol, acetone, acetoin, butyrolactone, 3-hydroxybutyrolactone, and any isomers, derivatives, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         19 . The process of  claim 12 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound is present in solution during said cellulose hydrolysis at a concentration from about 10 ppm to about 1 wt %. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein said sulfur-containing compound is present in solution during said cellulose hydrolysis at a concentration from about 10 ppm to about 1000 ppm.