US2016231267A1PendingUtilityA1
Devices and methods including a preconcentrator material for detection of analytes
Assignee: MASSACHUSETTS INST TECHNOLOGYPriority: Sep 6, 2013Filed: Sep 5, 2014Published: Aug 11, 2016
Est. expirySep 6, 2033(~7.1 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
G01N 27/04G01N 33/0047G01N 27/127G01N 2033/0019G01N 33/0013B82Y 15/00G01N 1/405G01N 33/0019
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Claims
Abstract
Embodiments described herein provide devices and methods for the determination of analytes. The device typically includes an absorbent material that allows for an analyte sample to be concentrated and analyzed simultaneously and within a short period of time (e.g., less than 10 seconds). Embodiments described herein can provide portable and easily operable devices for on-site, real time field monitoring with high sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response time.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed:
1 . A device for determining an analyte, comprising:
a sensor material layer comprising a conductive material; and an absorbent material layer disposed on the sensor material layer, wherein the absorbent material interacts with an analyte, if present, in a manner bringing the analyte into proximity with the sensor material to produce a determinable signal from the device.
2 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the device lacks a piezoelectric material.
3 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises a polymer material and a plurality of binding sites.
4 . A device as in claim 3 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are covalently bonded to the polymer material.
5 . A device as in claim 3 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are non-covalently bonded to the polymer material.
6 . A device as in claim 3 , wherein the plurality of binding sites are dispersed throughout the polymer material.
7 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of binding sites comprises a mixture of different binding sites capable of determining a plurality of different analytes.
8 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises polyvinyl alcohol or polyhydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, either of which is optionally substituted.
9 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises a substantially hydrophobic polymer.
10 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises a fluorinated polymer.
11 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises an iptycene-based polymer.
12 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises an ionic liquid.
13 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an imidazolium ion.
14 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the imidazolium ion is selected from a group consisting of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium.
15 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from a group consisting of tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide.
16 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises a cellulose-based polymer.
17 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, or cellulose triacetate, any of which is optionally substituted.
18 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose substituted with at least one functional group comprising an aromatic moiety.
19 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein:
R 1 is a group comprising a binding site for an aromatic species;
R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, a carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted; and
n is greater than 1.
20 . A device as in claim 19 , wherein the binding site comprises an aromatic moiety, a calixarene, a hydrogen bond donor, or a hydrogen bond acceptor.
21 . A device as in claim 19 , herein the aromatic moiety is a phenyl group, optionally substituted.
22 . A device as in claim 19 , wherein the aromatic moiety is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, optionally substituted.
23 . A device as in claim 19 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 4 and R 5 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroaryl, or carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted.
24 . A device as in claim 19 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 6 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or heteroaryl, any of which is optionally substituted.
25 . A device as in claim 19 , wherein R 1 has the structure,
26 . A device as in any one of claims 19 - 25 , wherein R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, —COCH 3 , or —F 5 Ph.
27 . A device as in claim 26 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same.
28 . A device as in claim 26 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are different.
29 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the conductive material comprises a carbon-based nanostructure.
30 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon-based nanostructure is a nanotube, nanoparticle, graphene, or graphite.
31 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are single-wall carbon nanotubes.
32 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
33 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a species capable of interacting with the analyte.
34 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a metal-containing species.
35 . A device as in claim 34 , wherein the metal-containing species comprises copper, cobalt, or palladium.
36 . A device as in claim 35 , wherein the metal-containing species is a complex or salt comprising Cu(I), Cu(II), Ag(I), Ag(II), Co(II), Co(III), Rh(I), Rh(III), Ir(I), Ir(III) or Pd(II).
37 . A device as in claim 35 , wherein the metal-containing species is copper(I) scorpionate.
38 . A device as in claim 35 , wherein the metal-containing species is cobalt (III) porphyrin compound.
39 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a fluorinated alcohol group.
40 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a vapor phase analyte.
41 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an aromatic species.
42 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is benzene, toluene, xylene, or benzo[a]pyrene.
43 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
44 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the determinable signal comprises resistance.
45 . A device for determining an analyte, comprising:
a first electrode and a second electrode; a sensor material in electrochemical communication with the first and the second electrodes, wherein resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode is affected by the sensor material; and an absorbent material in contact with the sensor material, wherein the absorbent material interacts with the analyte, if present, in a manner bringing the analyte into sufficient proximity with the sensor material such that resistance to current flow between the first and second electrodes is affected, thereby generating a signal in the device by which the analyte is determined.
46 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the device lacks a piezoelectric material.
47 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a polymer material and a plurality of binding sites.
48 . A device as in claim 47 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are covalently bonded to the polymer material.
49 . A device as in claim 47 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are non-covalently bonded to the polymer material.
50 . A device as in claim 47 , wherein the plurality of binding sites are dispersed throughout the polymer material.
51 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of binding sites comprises a mixture of different binding sites capable of determining a plurality of different analytes.
52 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises polyvinyl alcohol or polyhydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, either of which is optionally substituted.
53 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a substantially hydrophobic polymer.
54 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a fluorinated polymer.
55 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises an iptycene-based polymer.
56 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises an ionic liquid.
57 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an imidazolium ion.
58 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the imidazolium ion is selected from a group consisting of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium.
59 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from a group consisting of tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide.
60 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises a cellulose-based polymer.
61 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, or cellulose triacetate, any of which is optionally substituted.
62 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose substituted with at least one functional group comprising an aromatic moiety.
63 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein:
R 1 is a group comprising a binding site for an aromatic species;
R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, a carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted; and
n is greater than 1.
64 . A device as in claim 63 , wherein the binding site comprises an aromatic moiety, a calixarene, a hydrogen bond donor, or a hydrogen bond acceptor.
65 . A device as in claim 63 , herein the aromatic moiety is a phenyl group, optionally substituted.
66 . A device as in claim 63 , wherein the aromatic moiety is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, optionally substituted.
67 . A device as in claim 63 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 4 and R 5 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroaryl, or carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted.
68 . A device as in claim 63 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 6 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or heteroaryl, any of which is optionally substituted.
69 . A device as in claim 63 , wherein R 1 has the structure,
70 . A device as in any one of claims 54 - 63 , wherein R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, —COCH 3 , or —F 5 Ph.
71 . A device as in claim 70 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same.
72 . A device as in claim 70 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are different.
73 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the conductive material comprises a carbon-based nanostructure.
74 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon-based nanostructure is a nanotube, nanoparticle, graphene, or graphite.
75 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are single-wall carbon nanotubes.
76 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
77 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a metal-containing species.
78 . A device as in claim 77 , wherein the metal-containing species comprises copper, cobalt, or palladium.
79 . A device as in claim 78 , wherein the metal-containing species is a complex or salt comprising Cu(I), Cu(II), Ag(I), Ag(II), Co(II), Co(III), Rh(I), Rh(III), Ir(I), Ir(III) or Pd(II).
80 . A device as in claim 79 , wherein the metal-containing species is a copper(I) scorpionate.
81 . A device as in claim 79 , wherein the metal-containing species is a cobalt (III) porphyrin.
82 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a fluorinated alcohol group.
83 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a vapor phase analyte.
84 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an aromatic species.
85 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is benzene, toluene, xylene, or benzo[a]pyrene.
86 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
87 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode is increased in the presence of the analyte.
88 . A device as in any preceding claim, wherein resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode is decreased in the presence of the analyte.
89 . A system, comprising:
a plurality of devices as in any preceding claim arranged to form an array of devices.
90 . A system as in claim 89 , wherein each individual device includes a binding site capable of interacting with an analyte.
91 . A system as in claim 89 or 90 , wherein a first device includes a binding site capable of interacting with a first analyte and a second device includes a binding site capable of interacting with a second analyte, wherein the first and second analytes are different.
92 . A method for determining an analyte, comprising:
exposing a sample suspected of containing an analyte to a device comprising a sensor material and an absorbent material in contact with the sensor material, the absorbent material having a first analyte concentration prior to exposure to the sample and a second analyte concentration upon exposure to the sample, wherein the sensor material produces a determinable signal affected by the analyte concentration of the absorbent material; and determining the determinable signal of the sensor material, thereby determining the analyte.
93 . A method as in claim 92 , wherein the device lacks a piezoelectric material.
94 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material interacts with the analyte, if present, in a manner bringing the analyte into proximity with the sensor material to affect the determinable signal of the device.
95 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein, if the analyte is present, the second analyte concentration is greater than the first analyte concentration.
96 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is determined without removing the analyte from the absorbent material.
97 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material is in electrochemical communication with a first electrode and a second electrode such that, in the presence of an analyte, the analyte concentration of the absorbent material increases, thereby affecting resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode.
98 . A method as in claim 97 , wherein resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode is increased in the presence of the analyte.
99 . A method as in claim 97 , wherein resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode is decreased in the presence of the analyte.
100 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a polymer material and a plurality of binding sites.
101 . A method as in claim 100 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are covalently bonded to the polymer material.
102 . A method as in claim 100 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are non-covalently bonded to the polymer material.
103 . A method as in claim 100 , wherein the plurality of binding sites are dispersed throughout the polymer material.
104 . A method as in any one of claims 100 - 103 , wherein the plurality of binding sites comprises a mixture of different binding sites capable of determining a plurality of different analytes.
105 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises polyvinyl alcohol or polyhydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, either of which is optionally substituted.
106 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a substantially hydrophobic polymer.
107 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a fluorinated polymer.
108 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises an iptycene-based polymer.
109 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises an ionic liquid.
110 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an imidazolium ion.
111 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the imidazolium ion is selected from a group consisting of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium.
112 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from a group consisting of tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide.
113 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a cellulose-based polymer.
114 . A method as in claim 113 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, or cellulose triacetate, any of which is optionally substituted.
115 . A method as in claim 113 or 114 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose substituted with at least one functional group comprising an aromatic moiety.
116 . A method as in any one of claims 113 - 115 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein:
R 1 is a group comprising a binding site for an aromatic species;
R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, a carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted; and
n is greater than 1.
117 . A method as in claim 116 , wherein the binding site comprises an aromatic moiety, a calixarene, a hydrogen bond donor, or a hydrogen bond acceptor.
118 . A method as in claim 116 , herein the aromatic moiety is a phenyl group, optionally substituted.
119 . A method as in claim 116 , wherein the aromatic moiety is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, optionally substituted.
120 . A method as in claim 116 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 4 and R 5 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroaryl, or carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted.
121 . A method as in claim 116 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 6 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or heteroaryl, any of which is optionally substituted.
122 . A method as in claim 116 , wherein R 1 has the structure,
123 . A method as in any one of claims 116 - 122 , wherein R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, —COCH 3 , or —F 5 Ph.
124 . A method as in claim 123 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same.
125 . A method as in claim 123 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are different.
126 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the conductive material comprises a carbon-based nanostructure.
127 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon-based nanostructure is a nanotube, nanoparticle, graphene, or graphite.
128 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are single-wall carbon nanotubes.
129 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
130 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material and/or absorbent material further comprises a species capable of interacting with the analyte.
131 . A method as in claim 130 , wherein the absorbent material comprises the species capable of interacting with the analyte, the method comprising allowing the species to migrate from the absorbent material to the sensor material.
132 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material and/or absorbent material further comprises a metal-containing species.
133 . A method as in claim 132 , wherein the metal-containing species comprises copper, cobalt, or palladium.
134 . A method as in claim 133 , wherein the metal-containing species is a complex or salt comprising Cu(I), Cu(II), Ag(I), Ag(II), Co(II), Co(III), Rh(I), Rh(III), Ir(I), Ir(III) or Pd(II).
135 . A method as in claim 134 , wherein the metal-containing species is a copper(I) scorpionate.
136 . A method as in claim 134 , wherein the metal-containing species is a cobalt (III) porphyrin.
137 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material and/or absorbent material further comprises a fluorinated alcohol group.
138 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a vapor phase analyte.
139 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an aromatic species.
140 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is benzene, toluene, xylene, or benzo[a]pyrene.
141 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
142 . A method for determining an analyte, comprising:
exposing a sample suspected of containing an analyte to a device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, a sensor material in electrical communication with the first and second electrodes, and an absorbent material in contact with the sensor material, wherein the analyte, if present, interacts with the sensor material to cause a change in resistance between the first and second electrodes; and determining the change in resistance between the first and second electrodes, thereby determining the analyte.
143 . A method as in claim 142 , wherein the device lacks a piezoelectric material.
144 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material interacts with the analyte, if present, in a manner bringing the analyte into proximity with the sensor material to affect the determinable signal of the device.
145 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein, if the analyte is present, the second analyte concentration is greater than the first analyte concentration.
146 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is determined without removing the analyte from the absorbent material.
147 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein, in the presence of an analyte, the analyte concentration of the absorbent material increases, thereby affecting resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode.
148 . A method as in claim 147 , wherein resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode is increased in the presence of the analyte.
149 . A method as in claim 147 , wherein resistance to current flow between the first and second electrode is decreased in the presence of the analyte.
150 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a polymer material and a plurality of binding sites.
151 . A method as in claim 150 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are covalently bonded to the polymer material.
152 . A method as in claim 150 , wherein at least some of the plurality of binding sites are non-covalently bonded to the polymer material.
153 . A method as in claim 150 , wherein the plurality of binding sites are dispersed throughout the polymer material.
154 . A method as in any one of claims 150 - 153 , wherein the plurality of binding sites comprises a mixture of different binding sites capable of determining a plurality of different analytes.
155 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises polyvinyl alcohol or polyhydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, either of which is optionally substituted.
156 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises a substantially hydrophobic polymer.
157 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material layer comprises a fluorinated polymer.
158 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises an iptycene-based polymer.
159 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises an ionic liquid.
160 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an imidazolium ion.
161 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the imidazolium ion is selected from a group consisting of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium.
162 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation selected from a group consisting of tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide.
163 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the absorbent material comprises a cellulose-based polymer.
164 . A method as in claim 163 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, or cellulose triacetate, any of which is optionally substituted.
165 . A method as in claim 163 or 164 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer is cellulose substituted with at least one functional group comprising an aromatic moiety.
166 . A method as in any one of claims 163 - 164 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein:
R 1 is a group comprising a binding site for an aromatic species;
R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, a carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted; and
n is greater than 1.
167 . A method as in claim 166 , wherein the binding site comprises an aromatic moiety, a calixarene, a hydrogen bond donor, or a hydrogen bond acceptor.
168 . A method as in claim 166 , herein the aromatic moiety is a phenyl group, optionally substituted.
169 . A method as in claim 166 , wherein the aromatic moiety is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, optionally substituted.
170 . A method as in claim 166 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 4 and R 5 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroaryl, or carbonyl group, any of which is optionally substituted.
171 . A method as in claim 166 , wherein the cellulose-based polymer comprises the structure,
wherein R 6 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or heteroaryl, any of which is optionally substituted.
172 . A method as in 166 , wherein R 1 has the structure,
173 . A method as in any one of claims 166 - 172 , wherein R 2 and R 3 can be the same or different and are hydrogen, —COCH 3 , or —F 5 Ph.
174 . A method as in claim 173 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are the same.
175 . A method as in claim 173 , wherein R 2 and R 3 are different.
176 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the conductive material comprises a carbon-based nanostructure.
177 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon-based nanostructure is a nanotube, nanoparticle, graphene, or graphite.
178 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are single-wall carbon nanotubes.
179 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
180 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a species capable of interacting with the analyte.
181 . A method as in claim 164 , wherein the absorbent material layer comprises the species capable of interacting with the analyte, the method comprising allowing the species to migrate from the absorbent material layer to the sensor layer.
182 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a metal-containing species.
183 . A method as in claim 182 , wherein the metal-containing species comprises copper, cobalt, or palladium.
184 . A method as in claim 182 , wherein the metal-containing species is a complex or salt comprising Cu(I), Cu(II), Ag(I), Ag(II), Co(II), Co(III), Rh(I), Rh(III), Ir(I), Ir(III) or Pd(II).
185 . A method as in claim 182 , wherein the metal-containing species is copper(I) scorpionate.
186 . A method as in claim 182 , wherein the metal-containing species is cobalt (III) porphyrin compound.
187 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the sensor material layer and/or absorbent material layer further comprises a fluorinated alcohol group.
188 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a vapor phase analyte.
189 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is an aromatic species.
190 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is benzene, toluene, xylene, or benzo[a]pyrene.
191 . A method as in any preceding claim, wherein the analyte is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.Join the waitlist — get patent alerts
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