Dry distillation reactor and method for raw material of hydrocarbon with solid heat carrier

Abstract

A dry distillation reactor for a raw material of hydrocarbon with a solid heat carrier is provided. An inner component with a pore path or a pore space is arranged inside the reactor to form a flow channel for the gas-phase product of the dry distillation. Also a dry distillation method using the dry distillation reactor is provided. The dry distillation method includes moving the reacting materials from top to bottom; moving a gas-phase product of the dry distillation along a designed path in the reactor; and finally leading same out through an outlet arranged in a central collecting channel for the gas-phase product of the dry distillation.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier, the carbonization reactor comprising:
 a first internals with holes or interstices is fixed to the top of the carbonization reactor, and a surrounding pyrolysis gas-phase product channel is formed between the first internals and the wall of carbonization reactor and the lower end of the surrounding pyrolysis gas-phase product channel is open in the material layer of the carbonization reactor;   a second internals with holes or interstices is mounted in the center of the carbonization reactor, and therein a central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel is formed, and the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel has its upper end closed which is vertically opposite to the feeding inlet of the carbonization reactor, and the lower end of the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel is open in the material layer of the carbonization reactor, and a pyrolysis gas-phase product outlet is positioned at the upper part of the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel; and   a material channel for the solid materials being formed from the top to bottom between the surrounding pyrolysis gas-phase product channel and the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel.   
     
     
         2 . The carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the holes are one or more kinds of holes in rhombic, rectangular or circular shape. 
     
     
         3 . The carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the interstices are a kind of louver-shape interstices, or interstices between components of the internals forming the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel. 
     
     
         4 . The carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the surrounding pyrolysis gas-phase product channel is an annular interconnected channel, or a wall channel which is formed between the wall of carbonization reactor and the first internals in the two opposite sides of the carbonization reactor and separated by the material layer within which the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel is. 
     
     
         5 . The carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the shape or configuration of the carbonization reactor is cylindrical or prismatic. 
     
     
         6 . The carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the holes or interstices are arranged in the second internals which begin at one tenth to one third length of the second internals from the top end so that a top-enclosed space with an outlet is formed in the upper part of the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel. 
     
     
         7 . The carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the lower ends of the surrounding pyrolysis gas-phase product channel and central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel are arranged on the same horizontal level. 
     
     
         8 . A carbonization method based on the carbonization reactor for hydrocarbon materials by solid heat carrier according to  claim 1 , the method comprising:
 fully mixing the solid heat carrier particles with high temperature in an ash bin and the hydrocarbon materials for carbonization in a feeding system in a solid-solid mixer to obtain the before-reaction solid materials;   inputting and heating the before-reaction solid materials into the carbonization reactor from the feeding inlet to release gas-phase products;   upward passing the gas-phase products into the upper space of the carbonization reactor through the material layer;   passing the gas-phase products into surrounding pyrolysis gas-phase product channel through the holes or interstices on the first internals;   successively passing the gas-phase products into the central pyrolysis gas-phase product channel through the holes or interstices on the first internals, the material layer and the holes or interstices on the second internals; and   finally discharging the gas-phase products into a post-processing and product collection system through the pyrolysis gas-phase product outlet.   
     
     
         9 . The carbonization method according to  claim 8 , wherein the carbonization method further includes:
 discharging the pyrolysis gas-phase products obtained from carbonization to a post-processing and product collection system from the pyrolysis gas-phase product outlet;   discharging the produced solid materials after carbonization from a material outlet to a concurrent upward oxidation reactor to obtain a gas-solid mixture by reacting with the air or oxygen supplied from the bottom of the oxidation reactor;   separating the gas-solid mixtures by a cyclone separator to obtain separated solid particles and separated gases; and   recycling the separated solid particles with high temperature into the solid-solid mixer as the solid heat carrier particles, while discharging the separated gases as flue gas to downstream processing.   
     
     
         10 . The carbonization method according to  claim 8 , wherein the hydrocarbon materials are fluidizing solid particles that are rich in hydrogen and carbon.