Animal and plant cell electric stimulator with randomized spatial distribution of electrodes for both electric field shaping and for current injection

Abstract

An electric stimulator for heart, brain, organs and general cells with a random shape and position of electrodes which enhances its performance for breaking the symmetry. Two types of electrodes are introduced: type-1, or active electrodes are similar to prior art, while type-2, or passive electrodes have not been used in this context. Passive electrodes are electrically insulated, being unable to inject current in the surrounding medium, but they are capable of shaping the electric field, which has consequence on the path of the stimulating currents injected by type-1 electrodes.

1 . An implantable electrical heart stimulating device comprising:
 an electric energy storage unit;   a first controlling electronics;   a second controlling electronics;   a picafina supporting structure comprising a proximal extremity, a distal extremity, an inner lumen with an outer surface;   a plurality of electrodes comprising at least one electrode belonging to a group of active electrodes and/or to a group of passive electrodes;   wherein the active electrodes are configured to inject electric current into the body cells surrounding the picafina supporting structure and;   wherein the passive electrodes are covered by an electrically insulating layer configured to project electric fields into the body cells surrounding the picafina supporting structure while configured not to inject electric currents into the body cells surrounding the picafina supporting structure;   wherein the first controlling electronics comprises first electronic circuits to select a subset of the plurality of electrodes to be operational;   wherein the second controlling electronics comprises second electronic circuits to implement the selection from the first controlling electronics;   wherein the electrically insulating layer on the passive electrodes act as a insulator for DC current or for low frequencies cardiac signals, as opposed to the insulating layer to create a capacitor for capacitive coupling of AC current;   wherein the electric field lines projected by the passive electrodes direct the path of moving electric charges in the body cells where the electric field lines are located;   wherein the passive electrodes are configured to create an electric vector field in the body cells surrounding the picafina supporting structure, the electric vector field characterized by a magnitude and a direction, wherein the direction determines a plurality of field lines, configured to confine a fixed fraction of the moving electric charges within a fixed volume around the picafina.   
     
     
         2 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 1 , further comprising an external programming unit, configured to provide instructions to the first controlling electronics and to the second controlling electronics, using wireless transmission, whereby a medical practitioner can adjust operation of the implantable electrical stimulating device. 
     
     
         3 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 1 , wherein the created electric vector field created by the at least one electrode of the group of passive electrodes is configured to force the path of the electric current injected by the active electrodes to move along a path and at a speed influenced by the created electric vector field lines. 
     
     
         4 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 1 , further comprising a first binary digital addressing means to select each of the plurality of the electrodes on the body of the picafina supporting structure, wherein the first controlling electronics is configured to cause the second controlling electronics to select a first subset of the at least one electrode of a group of active electrodes to be operational and/or a second subset of the at least one electrode of a group of passive electrodes to be operational. 
     
     
         5 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 4 , further comprising a dedicated connecting wire connecting the electric energy storage unit, the first controlling electronics and the second controlling electronics to each one of the plurality of electrodes comprising at least one electrode belonging to a group of active electrodes and/or to a group of passive electrodes; 
     
     
         6 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 4 , wherein the first and/or the second controlling electronics is/are configured to select a plurality of electric voltage or electric current values, wherein each of the at least one selected active electrode and/or at least one selected passive electrode has a voltage/current value and each passive electrode and each active electrode have a different voltage level a different current level the same voltage level or the same current level. 
     
     
         7 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 6 , further comprising a plurality of voltage wires or current wires, each of the voltage wires or current wires to convey one voltage value and/or one current value;
 wherein each of the plurality of electrodes comprising at least one electrode belonging to a group of active electrodes and/or to a group of passive electrodes may be set at a different value of voltage or current from the available values at each of the plurality of voltage wires or current wires.   
     
     
         8 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 7 , further comprising a second binary digital addressing means to select each voltage wire or current wire for electrical connection to a subset of the at least one of the group of active electrodes and/or the at least one of the group of passive electrodes. 
     
     
         9 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 1 , further comprising at least one digital serial bus to transfer digital binary information. 
     
     
         10 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 1 , wherein the first controlling electronics includes a microprocessor. 
     
     
         11 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 1 , wherein the active electrodes and the passive electrodes are randomly distributed on the body of the picafina supporting structure. 
     
     
         12 . The implantable electric stimulating device of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrode belonging to the group of active electrodes and the at least one electrode belonging to the group of passive electrodes are symmetrically distributed on the body of the picafina supporting structure. 
     
     
         13 . A method to activate at least one electrode in a multichannel electrode array having a plurality of active electrodes and a plurality of passive electrodes, the method comprising:
 applying a first voltage on at least one of the plurality of passive electrodes, wherein the at least one passive electrode is configured to create an electric vector field in body cells surrounding the at least one passive electrode;   applying a second voltage on at least one of the plurality of active electrodes, wherein the at least one active electrode is configured to inject an electric charge in the body cells surrounding the at least one active electrode;   wherein an electrically insulating layer on the passive electrodes act as a insulator for DC current or for low frequencies cardiac signals, as opposed to the insulating layer to create a capacitor for capacitive coupling of AC current;   wherein the electric field lines projected by the passive electrodes direct the path of moving electric charges in the body cells where the electric field lines are located;   wherein the electric vector field is configured to control the direction and speed of the electric charges injected in the body cells;   wherein the electric vector field created by the at least one passive electrode is configured to constrain a pre-determined fraction of the electric charges injected by the at least one active electrodes to be confined to a pre-determined volume around the at least one active electrode.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13  wherein the second voltage on at least one of the plurality of active electrodes is adjusted to force a pre-determined desirable current value out of the at least one of the plurality of active electrodes. 
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 13 , further comprising simultaneously activating at least two of the plurality of passive electrodes using a different level of voltage on each of the the two of the plurality of passive electrodes;
 wherein at least two electrodes of the plurality of passive electrodes further increases the control of the shape of the electric vector field as compared with a single electrode of the plurality of passive electrodes.   
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 13 , wherein the plurality of passive electrodes uses a monopolar configuration having a remote ground. 
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 13 , wherein a first subset of electrodes of the multichannel electrode array are configured to be of a positive polarity and a second subset of electrodes are configured to be of a lower polarity;
 wherein the first subset of electrodes and second subset of electrodes comprise different electrodes.   
     
     
         18 . A non-transitory computer medium to provide instructions to an electrical stimulating device to control electrodes in a multichannel electrode array, wherein the electrodes in the multichannel electrode array belong to either an active group of electrodes or to a passive group of electrodes and to create a electric vector field;
 wherein the electrodes of the active group of electrodes stimulate body cells and create the electric vector field and the electrodes of the passive group of electrodes only determine the electric vector field while being unable to stimulate the body cells;   wherein an electrically insulating layer on the passive electrodes act as a insulator for DC current or for low frequencies cardiac signals, as opposed to the insulating layer to create a capacitor for capacitive coupling of AC current;   wherein the electric field lines projected by the passive electrodes direct the path of moving electric charges in the body cells where the electric field lines are located;   wherein the electric field lines projected by the passive electrodes constrain the volume of the stimulated body cells to be a pre-determined volume surrounding the active electrodes.   
     
     
         19 . The non-transitory computer medium according to  claim 18 , wherein a first subset of electrodes of the multichannel electrode array are configured to be of a positive polarity and a second subset of electrodes are configured to be of a lower polarity;
 wherein the first subset of electrodes and second subset of electrodes comprise different electrodes.   
     
     
         20 . The non-transitory computer medium according to  claim 18 , further comprising instructions to display a GUI panel on a computer monitor, wherein the GUI panel displays and identifies with markers the position of the electrodes of the active group and the electrodes of the passive group, wherein a medical practitioner adjusts which electrodes are used and the voltage level at each electrode.