Lithium carbon fluoride primary battery

Abstract

A Li/CFx primary battery having a lithium-based anode and a fluorinated carbon cathode. The fluorinated carbon cathode includes fluorinated carbon nanoparticles. The structure and size distribution of the carbon precursor carbon nanotubes are configured to provide improved battery performance.

1 . A Li/CFx primary battery comprising:
 a lithium-based anode and a fluorinated carbon cathode, wherein the fluorinated carbon cathode includes fluorinated carbon nanoparticles.   
     
     
         2 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles comprise a number-weighted diameter distribution in which a D10 particle diameter is at least 10 nm. 
     
     
         3 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to  claim 2 , wherein the number-weighted diameter distribution is measured by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or atomic force microscopy. 
     
     
         3 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to  claim 1 ,  2  or  3 , wherein the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles have a number-weighted diameter distribution, as measured by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or atomic force microscopy, in which the D90 particle diameter is at most 300 nm. 
     
     
         4 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims, wherein particle diameters of substantially all of the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles are in a range from 1 to about 500 nm. 
     
     
         5 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims, wherein a value of x is at least about 0.3. 
     
     
         6 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims, wherein a value of x is at most about 1.2. 
     
     
         7 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims, wherein a specific surface area of the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles is at least about 10 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         8 . A Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles are substantially equiaxed. 
     
     
         9 . A Li/CFx primary battery any one of the previous claims, wherein the aspect ratios of substantially all of the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles is less than about 2 and preferably less than about 1.5 
     
     
         10 . A method of producing a Li/CFx primary battery according to any one of the previous claims, the method including:
 forming fluorinated carbon nanoparticles by fluorinating carbon nanoparticles using a fluorine-based reactive gas at a temperature in the range from 300 to 600° C.; and   using the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles to form the cathode of the primary battery.   
     
     
         11 . A method of producing a Li/CFx primary battery according to  claim 10 , wherein the method further includes:
 heating the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles under an inert atmosphere before the fluorinated carbon nanoparticles are used to form the cathode of the primary battery.