Hiydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator

Abstract

The present invention describes a method and apparatus to use the kinetic energy available in a liquid flow to produce hydrodynamic cavitation, which, in turn, drives the hydrosonic cavitation simultaneously with sufficient efficiency and capacity to transfer the entire energy of the flow to the liquid as heat and/or another cavitation effect, thus producing physical and chemicals reactions at the molecular and atomic level.

1 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator characterized by being able to utilizes the energy available in a fluid flowing through a pipe to generate hydrodynamic cavitation and hydrosonic cavitation simultaneously. 
     
     
         2 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator characterized by being able to transform kinetic and/or potential energy of a liquid flow into heat energy by transferring this heat to the liquid in equal proportion and amount of the mechanical energy of the fluid, expressed by the product of the flow rate by the pressure thereof increased by the thermal energy released by the physico-chemical transformations caused by cavitation effects, in this way, the total amount of resulting heat energy exceeds the amount of mechanical energy provided by that the liquid flow. 
     
     
         3 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the previous claims, wherein the hydrodynamic cavitation is produced by forcing a liquid flow radially, from the center outwards through a radial Venturi tube shaped slot in which one of the halves is a thin disk, said diaphragm, so that, when the liquid pressure falls due to its acceleration, the diaphragm is pulled inside, closing the slot partially, which causes an immediately increasing of upstream pressure that drives said diaphragm outwards, establishing, this way, a vibratory motion and generating pressure waves in the downstream liquid volume. 
     
     
         4 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the previous claims wherein said diaphragm can be shaped, but not limited, as a thin disc with curved edges forming a semitoroidal cross-section. 
     
     
         5 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the previous claims wherein said diaphragm can be shaped, but not limited, as a thin disc with curved edges forming a semicircular cross-section. 
     
     
         6 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the previous claims wherein said diaphragm can be shaped, but not limited, as a thin disk with semi spherical cross-section profile. 
     
     
         7 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the previous claims wherein said diaphragm can be shaped, but not limited, as a thin disk with multiple small holes. 
     
     
         8 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in  claim 3  wherein a rod said pressure regulator is disposed in concentric position and normal to the plane of said annular semi toroidal disk member, which supports at one end said springs or elastic elements that support said diaphragm, being able to move longitudinally thereby causing increase or decrease of the gap of said slot and the pressure of said diaphragm over the bulge of said annular divider. 
     
     
         9 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in  claim 3  wherein a cup shaped chamber, said resonating chamber is mounted with the open end focused to said diaphragm whose bottom serves as means for reflecting pressure waves generated by this diaphragm and whose the open edges form a circular slot between said resonating chamber and a member said rectangular cross-section bulge which is part of an another one said semi toroidal annular cavity disk which surrounds said diaphragm. 
     
     
         10 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in  claims 5  and  6  wherein said resonance chamber can be moved longitudinally to regulate the opening of said circular slot. 
     
     
         11 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in previous claims wherein a cylindrical member, said collector chamber, provided with means for draining the working fluid, that surrounds said resonating chamber to maintain, around this, a volume of liquid intended to absorb the sound waves emanating from the walls of said resonating chamber. 
     
     
         12 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the previous claims wherein the adjustment of the working pressure allow control the variation of the frequency of the pressure waves produced in the liquid medium passing through its interior, from infrasound to ultrasound frequency, so that these pressure waves can produces hydrosonic cavitation. 
     
     
         13 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred by the previous claims, characterized to enable to be driven by a flow of pressurized fluid powered by any energy source such as pumps driven by any type of motor, gravity force, direct wind or hydro turbines power or even, for animals or manpower. 
     
     
         14 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the preceding claims wherein the cavitation occurs with sufficient intensity to trigger exothermic chemical reactions between, at least one fuel and, at least one oxidant, dissolved in the working liquid flow due to the rapid partially vaporizing of reagents at the time of micro bubbles growth and its ignition when they collapse due to the high pressures and temperatures achieved, being the thermal energy generated and the resulting byproducts transmitted into the liquid. 
     
     
         15 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the preceding claims, wherein the destructive action of the cavitation is prevented by isolating the inner walls by means of a vortex barrier that is generated within said toroidal cavity formed by the union of said annular divider with said semi toroidal annular disc. 
     
     
         16 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in  claims 1  and  2 , that is able to perform the mixing, homogenization and emulsification of one or more liquids of different or equal physical and chemical characteristics and the dissolution of gas in a liquid as well as liquids degassing. 
     
     
         17 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in  claims 1  and  2  which is able to destroy microorganisms as microalgae, bacteria, fungi and viruses in water through the mechanical disruption of their cell membranes and due to the oxidation caused by radicals reactants produced by cavitation. 
     
     
         18 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the preceding claims, that is able to break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules, separate and fragment clusters of water molecules and recombine them, dissociate water molecules and recombine its elements as radicals such as hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide. 
     
     
         19 . A hydrodynamic and hydrosonic cavitation generator as referred in the preceding claims characterized by allowing to be manufactured with any type or metal alloys and/or even in plastics material also by molding injection, 3D printing or similar process and/or machining process. 
     
     
         20 . A hydrodynamic and Hydrosonic Cavitation Generator as referred in the preceding claims wherein is allowed to be dimensioned and scaled it in a wide range of sizes, liquid processing capacity and heating power.