Multi-feed weaving loom, a weaving method using such a weaving loom and an apertured fabric obtained thereby

Abstract

A weaving loom includes a system for inserting weft threads in a plurality of layers and a system for inserting and sequencing warp threads in such a way as to produce a multilayer fabric having a defined weave. It includes at least two feed systems of which the speed and traction force are controlled such that, at least locally, one portion of the layers of fabric is driven by the feed mechanism of same at a different speed to at least one other portion of the layers of multilayer fabric so as to produce at least one aperture on the multilayer fabric.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A weaving loom of a kind including a system for inserting weft yarns into a plurality of layers and a system for inserting and sequencing wrap yarns so as to produce a determined multi-layer weave fabric, wherein the weaving loom comprises at least two feed systems controlled in speed and traction force so that, at least locally, a portion of the multi-layer weave fabric is driven by its own feed mechanism at a different speed from at least one other portion of the multi-layer weave fabric so as to produce at least one aperture on the multi-layer weave fabric. 
     
     
         2 . The weaving loom according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of said at least two feed systems comprises a system for gripping the multi-layer weave fabric and driving at least outside weaving periods of apertures. 
     
     
         3 . The weaving loom according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one of said at least two feed systems comprises a mandrel for stretching a loop which is being formed on at least one layer or group of layers of the multi-layer weave fabric after debonding. 
     
     
         4 . The weaving loom according to  claim 2 , wherein the weaving loom comprises a plate reserved for the multi-layer weave fabric and the plate is configured to carry a driving carriage of said at least one of said at least two feed systems for gripping the multi-layer weave fabric, and another plate reserved for weaving at least one aperture and which carries a driving carriage of said at least one of said two feed systems for stretching a loop which is being formed on at least one layer or group of layers of the multi-layer weave fabric after debonding. 
     
     
         5 . The weaving loom according to  claim 5 , wherein said another plate reserved for weaving at least one aperture presents a determined inclination relative to the plate reserved for the weaving the multi-layer weave fabric and is disposed such that the inclination is measured between directions of the feeds of said at least one of said at least two feed systems (Feed  1 , Feed  2 ) respectively of said at least one plate, of weaving the aperture and the plate of weaving of the multi-layer weave fabric. 
     
     
         6 . The weaving loom according to  claim 1 , wherein the weaving loom comprises at least one system for maintaining a position of a weaving point associated with at least one of said feed systems (Feed  1 , Feed  2 ) to maintain a height of the weaving point at a start of the fabric, downstream of an insertion region of weft yarns and of an associated shed, such that the shed and the beating of the weft are repeated. 
     
     
         7 . The weaving loom according to  claim 6 , wherein the system for maintaining the position of the weaving point comprises first and second elongated axes on a width of the fabric on either side of surfaces of fabric downstream of the weaving point. 
     
     
         8 . A weaving method using the weaving loom according to  claim 1 , comprising:
 a step (a) to carry out a start of a multi-layer weave fabric under a determined feed (Feed  1 );   a step (b) to carry out debonding of at least one layer of the multi-layer weave fabric with stop or slowing down of the feed of the weaving (Feed  1 ) of the multi-layer fabric;   steps (c) and (d) of weaving according to a determined weave of a loop by overconsumption of wrap yarns and stretching at least one debonded layer of the multi-layer fabric under a determined feed (Feed  2 ) of a determined loop length greater than that of remaining multi-layer weave fabric; and   a step (e) of closing the woven loop by bonding.   
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 8 , wherein the method is repeated along the multi-layer weave fabric so as to form several successive apertures. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 8 , wherein the method is repeated on at least one layer of at least one aperture which is being woven so as to form several inner apertures and/or several apertures of different directions. 
     
     
         11 . An apertured fabric realized according to the method according to  claim 8 , wherein the aperture fabric is configured to realize woven preforms to manufacture mechanical parts by injecting an injection-polymerizable material. 
     
     
         12 . The apertured fabric according to  claim 11 , wherein the apertured fabric is configured to realized woven preforms to manufacture monolithic or sandwich type self-stiffened panels, in which at least one woven apertured area on the preform is used to realize a stiffener and/or a clevis and/or to include a stiffener of a hollow “omega” or filled with foam or honeycomb structure type, a corner-flange pair, or a “T” stiffener. 
     
     
         13 . The apertured fabric according to  claim 11 , wherein the apertured fabric is configured to realized woven preforms to manufacture parts of monolithic structures as a frame of a nacelle thrust reverser of an aircraft turbojet engine, or a beam, in which a produced area on the aperture(s) of the preform is calculated as a stiffener and/or as a clevis and/or a composite rail. 
     
     
         14 . The apertured fabric according to  claim 11 , wherein the apertured fabric is configured to realized woven preforms to manufacture a part made of composite material based on an apertured weaving perform and calculated for geometric and/or stiffening and/or mechanical forces passage constraints.