Hydraulic Turbines with Exit Flow Direction Opposite to its Inlet Flow Direction

Abstract

The invention introduces a hydraulic turbine that extract the energy from the hydraulic kinetic and potential energy through passing the fluid inside the turbine wheel. The fluid enters the wheel heart almost perpendicular to its axis in almost tangential direction, decelerates in diffusers and change direction to almost radial. The flow is them changes direction from almost perpendicular to the axis to axial, then to almost perpendicular to the axis again but in opposite direction to its entrance. To exit, the flow accelerates in nozzles and change its direction to exit almost tangential and opposite to its very beginning entrance. In brief the exit direction in the very end is opposite to the entrance in the very beginning the transfer from the inlet passage to the exit passage is also associated with almost hundred eighty degrees change in direction, and the flow is subjected to deceleration and acceleration. All of these actions produce torques in the same direction to be utilized to generate power.

1 . A hydraulic turbine, wheel characterized in that entrance and exit of fluid are in a plane perpendicular to the turbine axis whereas flow of fluid encompasses different levels and outlet flow runs in an opposite direction with respect to inlet flow. 
     
     
         2 - 11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . A hydraulic turbine according to  claim 1 , comprising several separate conduits. 
     
     
         13 . A hydraulic turbine according to claim  2 , whereas each conduit is guided by two consecutive blades. 
     
     
         14 . A hydraulic turbine according to  claim 1  comprises two series stages; an inlet stage and outlet stage. 
     
     
         15 . A hydraulic turbine according to claim  4 , whereas both stages are built on the same axis of rotation. 
     
     
         16 . A hydraulic turbine according to  claim 1  whereas all changes in the closed conduit flow occur within the wheel itself. 
     
     
         17 . A hydraulic turbine according to  claim 1 , whereas flow of fluid feed to inlet stage is almost tangential at entrance. 
     
     
         18 . A hydraulic turbine according to claim  7 , whereas tangential flow is transferred to almost radial flow in the first stage as guided by blades. 
     
     
         19 . A hydraulic turbine according to  claim 1 , the hydraulic turbine wheel characterized inlet of fluid has a diffuser shape whereas outlet of fluid has a nozzle shape. 
     
     
         20 . A hydraulic turbine according to claim  9 , whereas the fluid decelerates due to diffuser effect at inlet stage. 
     
     
         21 . A hydraulic turbine according to claim  9 , whereas the fluid accelerates due to nozzle effect at outlet stage. 
     
     
         22 . A hydraulic turbine according to claim  8 , whereas the radial flow leaving the inlet stage is transferred to axial flow before transferring back to almost radial flow, but in opposite direction while entering the outlet stage. 
     
     
         23 . A hydraulic turbine according to  claim 1 , a hydraulic turbine wheel characterized in that the exit conduits at the outlet stage divert the flow from the approximately radial direction to approximately tangential direction. 
     
     
         24 . A hydraulic turbine wheel according to  claim 1 , whereas part of the fluid momentum is transfused to the blades in each conduit and for each stage due to acceleration or deceleration or change in flow direction whether in same plane or in different planes. 
     
     
         25 . A hydraulic turbine wheel according to  claim 14 , whereas every momentum exchange produces a rotating torque in the same direction. 
     
     
         26 . A hydraulic turbine wheel according to  claim 1 , whereas the speed and levels of the wheel and feed can be adjusted according to varying stream stage.