Quaternized polyether amines and their use as additive for fuels and lubricants

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel quaternized polyetheramines and to the preparation thereof. The present invention further relates to the use of these compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems. The invention also provides additive packages comprising these polyetheramines; and fuels and lubricants additized therewith. The invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for improving the intake system cleanliness of gasoline engines.

1 . (canceled) 
     
     
         2 : A method comprising adding a reaction product to a fuel, said reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound,
 wherein said reaction product is obtained by reaction   a) of a polyether-substituted amine comprising at least one tertiary quaternizable amino group with   b) a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one tertiary quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group,   wherein said quaternized nitrogen compound has the following formula Ia or Ib:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which 
         R 1  and R 2  are the same or different and are each C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkenyl, or amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or R 1  and R 2  together form a C 2 -C 6 -alkylene, C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkylene or C 2 -C 6 -aminoalkylene radical; 
         R 3  and R 4  are the same or different and are each H, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or phenyl; 
         R 5  is a radical introduced by quaternization, which is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or —CH 2 CH(OH)aryl; 
         R 6  is C 1 -C 20 -alkyl or aryl or alkylaryl; 
         A is a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 6 -alkylene radical optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms; 
         n is an integer from 1 to 30 and 
         X −  is an anion resulting from the quaternization reaction, 
         wherein said quaternizing agent is selected from 
         (i) an epoxide of the formula III 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         in which 
         R 3  and R 4  are each as defined above, 
         (ii) a salicylate selected from methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, n-propyl salicylate, i-propyl salicylate, n-butyl salicylate, i-butyl salicylate, and tert-butyl salicylate, 
         (iii) an oxalate selected from dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate, and 
         (iv) dimethyl carbonate, 
         which method comprises adding the reaction product to: 
         a gasoline fuel in an effective amount for reducing or preventing deposits in an intake system of a gasoline engine, or 
         a diesel fuel in an effective amount for reducing fuel consumption, and/or for minimizing power loss, and/or for reducing and/or preventing deposits in an injection system, and/or for reducing and/or preventing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID), and/or for reducing and/or preventing deposits in the injection nozzles, of a direct injection diesel engine. 
       
     
     
         3 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the fuel comprises a diesel fuel. 
     
     
         4 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the fuel comprises a gasoline fuel. 
     
     
         5 : The method of  claim 3 , wherein the fuel comprises a biodiesel fuel as the diesel fuel. 
     
     
         6 : The method of  claim 4 , wherein the fuel comprises an alkanol-containing gasoline fuel as the gasoline fuel. 
     
     
         7 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the quaternized nitrogen compound has said formula (1a). 
     
     
         8 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the quaternized nitrogen compound has said formula (1b). 
     
     
         9 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (i) epoxide. 
     
     
         10 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (ii) salicylate. 
     
     
         11 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (iii) an oxalate. 
     
     
         12 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises said (iv) dimethyl carbonate. 
     
     
         13 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the reaction product is added to a gasoline fuel in an effective amount for reducing or preventing deposits in injection nozzles of a direct injection gasoline engine. 
     
     
         14 : The method of  claim 2 , wherein the reaction product is added to a diesel fuel in an effective amount for reducing fuel consumption, and/or for minimizing power loss, of a diesel engine with a common rail injection system, and/or for reducing and/or preventing deposits in an injection system, and/or for reducing and/or preventing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID), and/or for reducing and/or preventing deposits in the injection nozzles in a common rail injection system.