Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide analogues

Abstract

There is provided a novel series of analogues of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds, and the use of said compounds as GIP-receptor agonists or antagonists for treatment of GIP-receptor mediated conditions, such as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A compound of formula (I), 
       
         
           
                 
               
                   (R 2 R 3 )-Tyr-Ala-Glu-A 4 -A 5 -A 6 -A 7 -A 8 -A 9 -A 10 -A 11 -A 12 A 13 -A 14 - 
                 
                     
                 
                   A 15 -A 16 -A 17 -A 18 -A 19 -A 20 -A 21 -A 22 -A 23 -A 24 -A 25 -A 26 -A 27 -A 28 -A 29 - 
                 
                     
                 
                   A 30 -A 31 -A 32 -A 33 -A 34 -A 35 -A 36 -A 37 -A 38 -A 39 -A 40 -A 41 -A 42 -A 43 -R 1 , 
                 
                     
                 
                   (I) 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
       wherein:
 A 4  is Gly, Acc, Aib, or β-Ala; 
 A 5  is Thr, Acc, Aib, or Ser; 
 A 6  is Phe, Acc, Aib, Aic, Cha, 1Nal, 2Nal, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, (X 4 ,X 5 ,X 6 ,X 7 ,X 8 )Phe or Trp; 
 A 7  is Ile, Abu, Acc, Aib, Ala, Cha, Leu, Nle, Phe, Tle, or Val; 
 A 8  is Ser, Aib, or Thr; 
 A 9  is Asp, Aib, or Glu; 
 A 10  is Tyr, Acc, Cha, 1Nal, 2Nal, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, Phe, or (X 4 ,X 5 ,X 6 ,X 7 ,X 8 )Phe; 
 A 11  is Ser, Acc, Aib, Nle or Thr; 
 A 12  is Ile, Abu, Acc, Aib, Ala, Cha, Leu, Nle, Phe, Tle, or Val; 
 A 13  is Ala, Acc, Aib, β-Ala, D-Ala, Gly, or Ser; 
 A 14  is Met, Abu, Acc, Aib, Ala, Cha, Ile, Leu, Nle, Phe, Tle, or Val; 
 A 15  is Asp, Aib, or Glu; 
 A 16  is Lys, Amp, Apc, Arg, hArg, Orn, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ); 
 A 17  is Ile, Abu, Acc, Aib, Ala, Cha, Leu, Nle, Phe, Tle, or Val; 
 A 18  is His, Amp, Arg, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, or 4-Pal, Phe, or Tyr; 
 A 19  is Gln, Aib, or Asn; 
 A 20  is Gln, Aib, or Asn; 
 A 21  is Asp, Aib, or Glu; 
 A 22  is Phe, Acc, Aib, Aic, Cha, 1Nal, 2Nal, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, (X 4 ,X 5 ,X 6 ,X 7 ,X 8 )Phe, or Trp; 
 A 23  is Val, Abu, Acc, Aib, Ala, Cha, Ile, Leu, Nle, or Tle; 
 A 24  is Asn, Aib, or Gln; 
 A 25  is Trp, Acc, Aib, 1Nal, 2Nal, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, Phe, or (X 4 ,X 5 ,X 6 ,X 7 ,X 8 )Phe; 
 A 26  is Leu, Acc, Aib, Cha, Ile, Nle, Phe, (X 4 ,X 5 ,X 6 ,X 7 ,X 8 )Phe or Tle; 
 A 27  is Leu, Acc, Aib, Cha, Ile, Nle, Phe, (X 4 ,X 5 ,X 6 ,X 7 ,X 8 )Phe or Tle; 
 A 28  is Ala, Aib, or Acc; 
 A 29  is Gln, Aib, Asn, or deleted; 
 A 30  is Lys, Amp, Apc, Arg, hArg, Orn, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 31  is Gly, Acc, Aib, β-Ala, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), His, Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 32  is Lys, Amp, Apc, Arg, hArg, Cys, Orn, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 33  is Lys, Amp, Apc, Arg, hArg, Cys, Orn, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 34  is Asn, Aib, Gln, Ser, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 35  is Asp, Aib, Glu, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 36  is Trp, Acc, Aib, 1Nal, 2Nal, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, Phe, (X 4 ,X 5 ,X 6 ,X 7 ,X 8 )Phe, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 37  is Lys, Amp, Apc, Arg, hArg, Orn, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 38  is His, Amp, 2-Pal, 3-Pal, 4-Pal, Phe, Tyr, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 39  is Asn, Aib, Gln, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 40  is Ile, Acc, Aib, Ser, Thr, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 41  is Thr, Aib, Acc, Asn, Gln, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 42  is Gln, Acc, Aib, Asn, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 A 43  is Acc, Ado, Aib, Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Gln, His, Phe, Thr, Trp, HN—CH((CH 2 ) n —N(R 4 R 5 ))—C(O), Cys(succinimide-N-alkyl), hCys(succinimide-N-alkyl), Pen(succinimide-N-alkyl), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) x —C(O)—NH—(CH 2 ) y —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), hCys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), Pen(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) s —NH—C(O)—(CH 2 ) t —CH 3 ), or deleted; 
 R 1  is OH, NH 2 , (C 1 -C 30 )alkoxy, or NH—X 2 —CH 2 —Z 0 , wherein X 2  is a (C 0 -C 30 )hydrocarbon moiety, and Z 0  is H, OH, CO 2 H, or CONH 2 ; 
 each of R 2 , R 3 , R 4  and R 5  is independently selected from the group consisting of H, (C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 30 )heteroalkyl, (C 1 -C 30 )acyl, (C 2 -C 30 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 30 )alkynyl, aryl(C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, aryl(C 1 -C 30 )acyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )heteroalkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )acyl, substituted (C 2 -C 30 )alkenyl, substituted (C 2 -C 30 )alkynyl, substituted aryl(C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, and substituted aryl(C 1 -C 30 )acyl; provided that when R 2  is (C 1 -C 30 )acyl, aryl(C 1 -C 30 )acyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )acyl, or substituted aryl(C 1 -C 30 )acyl, then R 3  is H, (C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 30 )heteroalkyl, (C 2 -C 30 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 30 )alkynyl, aryl(C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )heteroalkyl, substituted (C 2 -C 30 )alkenyl, substituted (C 2 -C 30 )alkynyl, or substituted aryl(C 1 -C 30 )alkyl; further provided that when R 4  is (C 1 -C 30 )acyl, aryl(C 1 -C 30 )acyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )acyl, or substituted aryl(C 1 -C 30 )acyl, then R 5  is H, (C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 30 )heteroalkyl, (C 2 -C 30 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 30 )alkynyl, aryl(C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )alkyl, substituted (C 1 -C 30 )heteroalkyl, substituted (C 2 -C 30 )alkenyl, substituted (C 2 -C 30 )alkynyl, or substituted aryl(C 1 -C 30 )alkyl; 
 n is, independently for each occurrence, an integer from 1 to 5 inclusive; 
 s, t, x and y each is, independently for each occurrence, an integer from 1 to 30 inclusive; and 
 X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7  and X 8  each is, independently for each occurrence, H, F, Cl, Br, I, (C 1-10 )allyl, substituted (C 1-10 )alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, OH, NH 2 , NO 2 , or CN; 
 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
 
     
     
         2 . A compound according to  claim 1 , wherein:
 A 4  is Gly;   A 5  is Thr;   A 6  is Phe;   A 7  is Ile or A6c;   A 8  is Ser;   A 9  is Asp;   A 10  is Tyr;   A 11  is Ser, A5c, or A6c;   A 12  is Ile;   A 13  is Ala or Aib;   A 14  is Met, A5c, A6c, or Nle;   A 15  is Asp;   A 16  is Lys;   A 17  is Ile;   A 18  is His;   A 19  is Gln;   A 20  is Gln;   A 21  is Asp;   A 22  is Phe;   A 23  is Val;   A 24  is Asn;   A 25  is Trp;   A 26  is Leu;   A 27  is Leu;   A 28  is Ala;   A 29  is Gln;   A 30  is Lys;   A 31  is Gly, His, Orn(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 12 —CH 3 ), or deleted;   A 32  is Lys, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) 11 —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) 15 —CH 3 ), Orn(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 10 —CH 3 ), Orn(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 14 —CH 3 ), or deleted;   A 33  is Lys, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) 11 —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) 15 —CH 3 ), Orn(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 10 —CH 3 ), or Orn(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 14 —CH 3 ), or deleted;   A 34  is Asn or deleted;   A 35  is Asp, Orn(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 12 —CH 3 ), or deleted;   A 36  is Trp or deleted;   A 37  is Lys or deleted;   A 38  is His or deleted;   A 39  is Asn or deleted;   A 40  is Ile, A5c, A6c, or deleted;   A 41  is Thr, A5c, A6c, or deleted;   A 42  is Gln, Cys(Psu), or deleted;   A 43  is Ado, Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) 11 —CH 3 ), Cys(succinimide-N—(CH 2 ) 15 —CH 3 ), His, Lys(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 10 —CH 3 ), Lys(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 14 —CH 3 ), Orn(N—C(O)—(CH 2 ) 14 —CH 3 ), Phe, Thr, Trp, or deleted; and   provided that at least one of A 7 , A 11 , A 13 , A 14 , A 31 , A 35 , A 40 , A 41  and A 42  not the amino acid residue of the corresponding position of the native GIP;   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.   
     
     
         3 . A compound according to  claim 1 , further comprising a covalently linked PEG moiety, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     
     
         4 . A compound according to  claim 3 , wherein said PEG is linked to the compound via a Cys(maleimide), hCys(maleimide), or Pen(maleimide) linker, to form Cys(succinimide-N-PEG), hCys(succinimide-N-PEG), or Pen(succinimide-N-PEG), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     
     
         5 . A compound according to  claim 4 , wherein said PEG moiety has average molecular weight of from about 2,000 to about 80,000, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     
     
         6 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a peptide analogue of  claim 1  and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         7 . A method for treating a condition or disease mediated by GIP-receptor binding, comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide analogue of  claim 1 , wherein the condition or disease mediated by GIP-receptor binding is selected from the group consisting of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, fatty liver, glucagonomas, secretory disorders of the airway, metabolic disorders, arthritis, osteoporosis, central nervous system disease, restenosis, neurodegenerative disease, renal failure, congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, pulmonary edema, hypertension, and disorders wherein the reduction of food intake and/or losing body weight is desired.