Transparent omniphobic thin film articles

Abstract

An article having a nanostructured surface and a method of making the same are described. The article can include a substrate and a nanostructured layer bonded to the substrate. The nanostructured layer can include a plurality of spaced apart nanostructured features comprising a contiguous, protrusive material and the nanostructured features can be sufficiently small that the nanostructured layer is optically transparent. A surface of the nanostructured features can be coated with a continuous hydrophobic coating. The method can include providing a substrate; depositing a film on the substrate; decomposing the film to form a decomposed film; and etching the decomposed film to form the nanostructured layer.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method comprising:
 applying a glass film to a substrate;   heating the glass film to a temperature and for a duration sufficient to phase-separate the glass;   differentially etching the glass to create a porous interpenetrating structure;   modifying a surface chemistry of the porous interpenetrating structure; and   adding a lubricating fluid to at least one pore of the porous interpenetrating structure.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the glass film is applied to the substrate by one selected from the group consisting of radio frequency (RF) sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), screen printing, ink-jet printing, spray painting, plasma spraying, pulsed laser ablation, sputtering, e-beam co-evaporation, wet solution chemical deposition (sol-gel, dip-coating) approaches and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the glass film comprises one selected from the group consisting of sodium borosilicate glass, a soda lime glass, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the temperature is from 500 to 800 degrees Celsius. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the duration is from 1 second to 5 days. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the temperature is about 700 degrees Celsius and the duration is from 1 to 10 minutes. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the temperature is about 500 degrees Celsius and the duration is from 3-5 days. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the differential etching is performed using an etchant comprising one selected from hydrogen fluoride, ammonium fluoride, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the porous interpenetrating structure has a porosity of from 10% to 90% volume percent. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the porous interpenetrating structure comprises a plurality of pores having an average pore diameter of from 10-200 nm. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the pore diameter indicates a separation between peaks defining a perimeter of a pore. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the porous interpenetrating structure comprises a plurality of pores having an average depth of from 10-200 nm. 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the porous interpenetrating structure comprises a continuous phase comprising the glass film having pores randomly distributed throughout. 
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the porous interpenetrating structure comprises a reticulated network comprising glass film, having pores randomly distribute throughout. 
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the surface chemistry of the porous interpenetrating structure is one selected from the group consisting of a degree of hydrophobicity, a degree of oleophobicity, a degree of lipophobicity, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the surface chemistry of the porous interpenetrating structure is modified by applying a surface chemistry modifying compound. 
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 16 , wherein the surface chemistry modifying compound is a fluorinated low surface energy material selected from the group consisting of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane, tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) trichlorosilane, fluorosilanes, 5-trifluoromethylbenzyltrichlorosilane, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the surface chemistry of the porous interpenetrating structure is modified to correspond with at least one property of the lubricating fluid. 
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 18 , wherein the at least one property of the lubricating fluid is one selected from the group consisting of a degree of hydrophobicity, a degree of oleophobicity, a degree of lipophobicity and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         20 . The method according to  claim 18 , wherein the property is the surface energy of the lubricating oil. 
     
     
         21 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the surface energy of the surface chemistry modifying compound is from 10 to 20 mN/m. 
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 20 , wherein the surface energy of the surface chemistry modifying compound about 17 mN/m. 
     
     
         23 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating fluid is a perfluoropolyether oil. 
     
     
         24 . The method according to  claim 23 , wherein the perfluoropolyether oil has a number average molecular weight of from 1000 to 10000 AMU. 
     
     
         25 . The method according to  claim 23 , wherein the surface energy of the lubricating oil is from 10 to 25 mN/m. 
     
     
         26 . The method according to  claim 23 , wherein the surface energy of the lubricating oil about 17 mN/m. 
     
     
         27 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating fluid has a surface energy that is within +/−1 mN/m of a surface energy of the surface chemistry modifying compound. 
     
     
         28 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating fluid has a viscosity of from 1 to 2,500 cP. 
     
     
         29 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating fluid has a refractive index of from 1.2 to 1.4 at 20 degrees Celsius. 
     
     
         30 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating fluid has a refractive index of about 1.296 degrees Celsius. 
     
     
         31 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating fluid has a vapor pressure of from 1.0×10 −4  to 2×10 −9  torr at 20 degrees Celsius. 
     
     
         32 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating fluid is applied by one selected from the group consisting of spin-coating, soaking, dip-coating, spray-coating, injecting, screen-printing, atomic layer deposition and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         33 . An article comprising
 a substrate;   a glass film disposed on the substrate, wherein the glass film has an interpenetrating structure, comprising a plurality of pores;   a lubricating fluid disposed within the plurality of pores,   wherein the interpenetrating structure comprises at least one surface having a modified surface chemistry that corresponds with at least one property of the lubricating fluid, selected from the group consisting of a degree of hydrophobicity, a degree of oleophobicity, a degree of lipophobicity, and combinations thereof.   
     
     
         34 . The article according to  claim 33 , wherein the article exhibits a sliding angle of from 0.1 to 4.5 degrees with respect to a 20 μL drop of a liquid. 
     
     
         35 . The article according to  claim 34 , wherein the liquid is selected from water, a hydrocarbon and combinations. 
     
     
         36 . The article according to  claim 34 , wherein the hydrocarbon is hexane, octane, ethylene glycol. 
     
     
         37 . The article according to  claim 33 , wherein the article exhibits a contact angle hysteresis of from 0.4 to 4 with respect to a 20 μL drop of a liquid, and wherein the contact angle hysteresis is defined as a droplet advancing angle minus a receding angle. 
     
     
         38 . The article according to  claim 33 , wherein the article has a transmittance greater than 60% with respect to light having a wavelength greater than 200 nm. 
     
     
         39 . The article according to  claim 33 , wherein the article is optically transparent.