US2015236341A1PendingUtilityA1

Copper fluoride based nanocomposites as electrode materials

Assignee: UNIV RUTGERSPriority: Oct 1, 2002Filed: Apr 30, 2015Published: Aug 20, 2015

Est. expiryOct 1, 2022(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority

Inventors:Glenn G. Amatucci Fadwa Badway

H01M 4/38H01M 4/625H01M 4/56H01M 4/50H01M 10/0562H01M 4/48H01M 4/364H01M 4/54H01M 4/626H01M 4/52H01M 4/582H01M 4/381H01M 4/382H01M 4/58H01M 2004/028Y02E60/10Y10T428/2982H01M 4/624H01M 4/5835H01M 2004/021C01G 3/04C01P 2002/77

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References

Claims

Abstract

The present invention relates to primary and secondary electrochemical energy storage systems, particularly to such systems as battery cells, which use materials that take up and release ions as a means of storing and supplying electrical energy.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified

We claim: 
     
         1 . A nanocomposite comprising a copper fluoride compound, wherein the nanocomposite composition is formed of crystallites of about 1 nm to about 100 nm in diameter. 
     
     
         2 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , wherein said nanocomposite demonstrates a specific capacity of about 100 mAh/g to about 600 mAh/g at a voltage of about 2 volts to about 4 volts when compared to a Li/Li +  reference potential. 
     
     
         3 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , wherein the copper fluoride compound comprises CuF 2 . 
     
     
         4 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , further comprising a metal. 
     
     
         5 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 4 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting essentially of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Pb, Sb, Bi, Nb, Zn, Sn, Ag and Cr. 
     
     
         6 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , further comprising carbon. 
     
     
         7 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 6 , wherein the carbon is present in an amount that is less than 50 weight % of the nanocomposite. 
     
     
         8 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , further comprising oxygen. 
     
     
         9 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , wherein the copper fluoride compound comprises Cu x F z O w , wherein z&gt;w and w&gt;0. 
     
     
         10 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , wherein the copper fluoride compound comprises Cu x Me y F z O w , wherein Me is a metal and x+z&gt;y+w and W&gt;0. 
     
     
         11 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 10 , wherein Me is a transition metal. 
     
     
         12 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 10 , wherein Me is selected from the group consisting essentially of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Pb, Sb, Bi, Nb, Sn, Zn, Ag and Cr. 
     
     
         13 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , wherein the copper fluoride compound comprises a compound of the formula Cu x Me y F z O w , wherein Me is a metal and x+z&gt;y+w and w&gt;0. 
     
     
         14 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 13 , wherein Me is a transition metal. 
     
     
         15 . The nanocomposite of  claim 14 , wherein Me is selected from the group consisting essentially of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Pb, Sb, Bi, Nb, Zn, Sn, Ag and Cr. 
     
     
         16 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , wherein the specific capacity is rechargeable by passing a current through the nanocomposite in a direction opposite a discharge direction. 
     
     
         17 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 1 , further comprising a conducting matrix. 
     
     
         18 . The nanocomposite according to  claim 17 , wherein the conductive matrix is selected from the group consisting essentially of VO 2 , MoO 2 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 , NiO, CuO, carbon fluorides, molybdenum sulfides, molybdenum oxysulfides, titanium sulfide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide (MnO 2 ), and MoO x F z , wherein x is 0≦x≦3 and z is 0≦z≦5 combined in such a way that an effective charge on the Mo cation is not more than 6+. 
     
     
         19 . A composition comprising greater than 50 weight % of CuF 2  and having X-ray diffraction peaks of (200) and (022) with a 2θ separation less than 0.8 degree, wherein the composition demonstrates a specific capacity of about 100 mAh/g to about 600 mAh/g at a voltage of about 2 volts to about 4 volts when compared to a Li/Li +  reference potential. 
     
     
         20 . The composition according to  claim 19 , further comprising a metal. 
     
     
         21 . The composition according to  claim 20 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting essentially of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cr, Zn, Nb, Ag and Sn. 
     
     
         22 . The composition according to  claim 19 , further comprising carbon. 
     
     
         23 . The composition according to  claim 22 , wherein the carbon is present in an amount that is less than 50 weight % of the composition. 
     
     
         24 . The composition according to  claim 19 , further comprising oxygen. 
     
     
         25 . The composition according to  claim 19 , wherein the specific capacity is rechargeable by passing a current through the composition in a direction opposite a discharge direction. 
     
     
         26 . The composition according to  claim 19 , wherein the composition is formed into crystallites that are about 1 nm to about 100 nm in diameter. 
     
     
         27 . A compound comprising copper fluoride, wherein the compound comprises an x-ray diffraction lattice parameter, a=3.25 Å±0.2 Å; b=4.585 Å±0.2 Å; c=4.585 Å±0.2 Å, B=84°±5°. 
     
     
         28 . A nanocomposite compound comprising copper fluoride, wherein the compound comprises an x-ray diffraction lattice parameter, a=3.25 Å±0.2 Å, b=4.585 Å±0.2 Å; c=4.585 Å±0.2 Å, B=84°±5°. 
     
     
         29 . An electrochemical cell comprising:
 a negative electrode;   a positive electrode comprising a copper fluoride compound nanocomposite; and   a separator disposed between the negative and positive electrodes.   
     
     
         30 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the cell further comprises an electrolyte composition. 
     
     
         31 . The cell according to  claim 30 , wherein the electrolyte composition includes at least one metallic salt. 
     
     
         32 . The cell according to  claim 31 , wherein the at least one metallic salt is selected from the group consisting of a lithium salt, a magnesium salt, a calcium salt, a zinc salt, a manganese salt, and a yttrium salt. 
     
     
         33 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the nanocomposite comprises CuF 2 . 
     
     
         34 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the nanocomposite comprises a composition comprising greater than 50 weight % CuF 2 , and wherein the CuF 2  exhibits X-ray diffraction peaks of (200) and (022) with a 2θ separation of less than 0.8 degree. 
     
     
         35 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the nanocomposite further comprises a metal. 
     
     
         36 . The cell according to  claim 35 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting essentially of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cr, Zn, Ag, and Nb. 
     
     
         37 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the nanocomposite further comprises carbon. 
     
     
         38 . The cell according to  claim 37 , wherein the carbon is present in an amount that is less than 50 weight % of the nanocomposite. 
     
     
         39 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the nanocomposite further comprises oxygen. 
     
     
         40 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the copper fluoride compound comprises Cu x F z O w , wherein z&gt;w and w&gt;0. 
     
     
         41 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the copper fluoride compound comprises Cu x Me y F z O w , wherein Me is a metal and x+z&gt;y+w and w&gt;0. 
     
     
         42 . The cell according to  claim 41 , wherein Me is a transition metal. 
     
     
         43 . The cell according to  claim 42 , wherein Me is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Nb, Ag and Sn. 
     
     
         44 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the copper fluoride compound comprises Cu x Me y F z O w C b , wherein Me is a metal and x+z&gt;y+w and w&gt;0. 
     
     
         45 . The cell according to  claim 44 , wherein Me is a transition metal. 
     
     
         46 . The cell according to  claim 45 , wherein Me is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Mo, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cr, Zn, Ag and Nb. 
     
     
         47 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the nanocomposite further comprises a conductive matrix. 
     
     
         48 . The composition according to  claim 47 , wherein the conductive matrix is selected from the group consisting of VO 2 , MoO 2 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 , NiO, CuO, carbon fluorides, molybdenum sulfides, molybdenum oxysulfides, titanium sulfide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide (MnO 2 ), and MoO x F z , wherein x is 0≦x≦3 and z is 0≦z≦5 combined in such a way that an effective charge on the Mo cation is not more than 6+. 
     
     
         49 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the specific capacity is rechargeable by passing a current through the nanocomposite in a direction opposite a discharge direction. 
     
     
         50 . The cell according to  claim 29 , wherein the nanocomposite is formed of particles that are about 1 nm to about 100 nm in diameter. 
     
     
         51 . The cell according to  claim 29 , further comprising a lithium-based negative electrode. 
     
     
         52 . The cell according to  claim 29 , further comprising a negative electrode selected from the group consisting of a magnesium-based negative electrode, a calcium-based negative electrode, a zinc-based negative electrode, a manganese-based negative electrode, and a yttrium-based negative electrode.

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