Method using glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles for early hiv-1 detection

Abstract

Disclosed is a method used thereof for detecting HIV-1 in a saliva sample at early stages of viral infection. The method comprises the steps of: (A) providing glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles which can recognize HIV-1 and diluting the saliva sample to half of the concentration; (B) contacting the glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles with the saliva sample and a mixture is obtained, wherein a volume ratio of the glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles to the saliva sample is 1:49, wherein the HIV-1 in the saliva sample is approximately 0.1 to 10 copies/ml; (C) concentrating the mixture; and (D) determining HIV-1 in the concentrated mixture by a detecting method; wherein each of the glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles includes a ligand-conjugate, the ligand-conjugate has a linker compound, the linker compound has a formula (1).

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for detecting HIV-1 in a saliva sample at early stages of infection, comprising the steps of:
 (A) providing glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles which can recognize HIV-1 and diluting the saliva sample to half of the concentration;   (B) contacting the glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles with the saliva sample and a mixture is obtained, wherein a volume ratio of the glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles to the saliva sample is 1:49, the HIV-1 in the saliva sample is approximately 0.1 to 10 copies/ml;   (C) concentrating the mixture; and   (D) determining HIV-1 in the concentrated mixture by a detecting method;   wherein each of the glycan immobilized metal nanoparticles includes a ligand-conjugate, the ligand-conjugate has a linker compound, the linker compound has a formula (1):   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein a, b, c, d, m 1 , m 2  and m 3  are independently an integer from 0 to 6, each of the aromatic amino groups of the linker compound is connected to a glycan with a reducing terminal end, the sulfur atom of the linker compound is bound to a metal nanoparticle, and the glycan is capable of specifically binding to HIV-1. 
       
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the glycan is heparin, heparan sulfate, disaccharide structures that constitute heparan sulfate, chondroitin E, or dextran sulfate. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the mean particle size of the glycan immobilized metal nanoparticle is between 1 and 100 nm. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticle is gold, silver, copper, aluminum, platinum, aluminum oxide, strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO 3 ), neodymium gallate (NdGaO 3 ), or zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ). 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the detecting method is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real time PCR, Northern blotting, immunochromatography, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).