Module for building facades and method of use in construction

Abstract

Module for building façades for any building or civil-engineering project with planar or curved surfaces of two or more walls of reinforced mortar or concrete, which comprises walls; connectors constructed in situ, or prefabricated with drills; connector and wall reinforcements; leaf supports with hollow cylinders or prisms, and a solid support with drills. Use of the building module involves placing the double-Ieaf or solid support; placing reinforcements for each wall alongside each face of the support; inserting the connector reinforcements into the hollow cylinders or prisms, or into drills; folding and overlapping the reinforcement pins; forming connectors and walls, casting concrete or mortar and packing hollow cylinders and prisms, or drills, and on both faces of said supports. Alternative methods involve the use of prefabricated connectors; application in cases without access to one face, against an embankment, and in façade reinforcements.

1 - 18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . A multipurpose module to generate surfaces of any type of structural shape of double or multiple walls ( 1 ) of reinforced mortar or concrete ( 9 ) inwardly braced through connectors ( 2  or  10 ), with armatures ( 7 ); provided said module of solid casting mounting ( 5 ) with drills ( 6 ) and prisms or hollow cylinders ( 3 ), sheets ( 4 ) characterized by comprising:
 double grill armatures ( 8 ) inwardly separated in each wall ( 1 ); 
 connectors ( 2 ) of mortar or concrete ( 9 ) having longitudinal and transversal armatures ( 8 ) or enclosures built in situ; 
 prefabricated connectors ( 10 ) of reinforced mortar or concrete ( 9 ) of rectangular or circular section, with drills close to each one of their bases ( 14 ) to introduce through them tied bars ( 11 ) to wall armatures ( 8 ); 
 hollow connectors ( 10 ) manufactured of tubular type metallic material with circumferential or rectangular section; 
 solid connectors ( 10 ) wooden or of polymeric material; 
 solid casting mountings ( 5 ) with drills ( 6 ) to introduce prefabricated connectors ( 10 ) or armatures ( 7 ) of connectors in situ ( 2 ) and its further packing with mortar or concrete ( 9 ); and 
 double metallic sheet casting mounting ( 4 ). 
 
     
     
         20 . The multipurpose module to generate surfaces according to  claim 19 , wherein said armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ) and said armatures ( 8 ) of walls are made of galvanized steel, high strength polymeric fibers' braided cords, vegetable fibers of string type braided cords or carbon fiber cords. 
     
     
         21 . The multipurpose module to generate surfaces according to  claim 19  characterized in that said prefabricated connectors ( 10 ) manufactured of polymeric material are made up of circular or rectangular section carbon fiber o glass fiber reinforced resin. 
     
     
         22 . The multipurpose module to generate surfaces according to  claim 19  wherein said solid mounting ( 5 ) comprises:
 said drills ( 6 ) to introduce said armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ); 
 said prefabricated connectors ( 10 ); 
 said armatures ( 8 ) of each wall placed in both faces of solid mounting ( 5 ); and folded pins of said armatures ( 7 ) of said connectors ( 2 ) or tied bars ( 11 ) impregnated with resin( 12 ) in their central area and introduced in prefabricated connectors ( 10 ); 
 mortar or concrete ( 9 ) shot to fill said drills ( 6 ) and casing of said armatures ( 8 ) of walls ( 1 ) and armature pins ( 7 ) or of said tied bars ( 11 ). 
 
     
     
         23 . The multipurpose module to generate surfaces according to  claim 19 , wherein said mounting is of double metallic sheet ( 4 ) and comprises:
 double metallic sheet casting mountings ( 4 ) constituting by themselves the wall armatures ( 1 ) of reinforced mortar;   prisms or hollow cylinders ( 3 ) of same metal welded to both sheets ( 4 ) themselves constituting the connectors;   reinforced mortar or concrete ( 9 ) shot on both faces of the mounting totally covering each metallic sheet ( 4 ) on its outer face with appropriate thickness of said reinforced mortar or concrete ( 9 ).   
     
     
         24 . The method using a multipurpose module to generate surfaces of any sort of structural shape of double or multiple reinforced mortar or concrete ( 9 ) walls inwardly braced through connectors in situ or prefabricated ( 2  to  10 ) with armatures ( 7 ), the method is carried out:
 by means of solid mountings ( 5 ) with drills ( 6 ); 
 in structural configurations without access to one of the faces of surface; 
 in surfaces attached to an excavation embankment or existing surface; 
 
       by means of double metallic sheet mountings ( 4 ) with its prisms or metallic hollow cylinders ( 3 ) welded;
 in generation of surfaces with curvatures or single tubbed planes; 
 in surfaces wherein armature of one of the walls provides shaping; 
 surfaces built with prefabricated connectors; 
 as armature of existing surfaces ( 13 ) vertical, horizontal, slanted or with curvature; 
 to reinforce existing surfaces ( 13 ) by means of prefabricated connectors ( 10 ) of vertical, horizontal, slanted or with curvature types 
 
     
     
         25 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  by means of solid mountings ( 5 ) with drills ( 6 ) comprising the following steps:
 placing the solid mounting ( 5 ) with drills ( 6 ) with the shape and dimensions of the whole surface to be built; 
 attaching the armatures of each wall ( 8 ) to each face of said solid mounting ( 5 ); 
 
       introducing the armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ) through drills ( 6 ) of said solid mounting ( 5 ); 
       folding and overlap longitudinal armature pins ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ) to corresponding armatures ( 8 ) of each wall ( 1 );
 optionally, placing a second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) from said first wall ( 1 ); 
 forming connectors ( 2 ) casting mortar or concrete ( 9 ) and packing drills ( 6 ) of solid mounting ( 5 ); 
 shooting mortar or concrete ( 9 ) on one face of said solid mountings ( 5 ) and then on the other face until required thickness for each wall ( 1 ) is obtained; 
 trimming or troweling before mortar or concrete sets in ( 9 ) if a certain smoothness is needed in the face of any seen wall ( 1 ); and 
 If surface is to have three walls previous steps should be followed except d) in which longitudinal armature pins ( 7 ) of connectors are not folded. Once step g) is finished wherein the second wall ( 1 ) has been built, a second solid mounting ( 5 ) is placed such that pins of said armatures ( 7 ) of connectors pass through drills of second solid mounting ( 5 ). Next, armatures ( 8 ) of third wall are attached to seen face of second solid mounting ( 5 ) of third wall and steps d, e, f, g and h are repeated for third wall. 
 
     
     
         26 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  in structural forms without access to one of the faces of the facade comprising the following steps:
 placing a first mounting without drill or hole with the shape and dimensions of surface to be built; 
 placing the armatures ( 8 ) of first wall ( 1 ) and armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ); 
 
       optionally, placing a second armatures' pin ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 );
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) to build said first wall ( 1 ); 
 attaching a second solid mounting ( 5 ) with drills ( 6 ) so that longitudinal armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ) pass through drills ( 6 ); 
 attaching to said second solid mounting ( 7 ) armatures ( 8 ) of second wall ( 1 ) folding and overlap pins of longitudinal armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ) to armatures ( 8 ) of said second wall ( 1 ); 
 optionally, placing a second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); 
 forming connectors ( 2 ) filling with concrete or mortar ( 9 ) casting or pouring through drills ( 6 ) of said solid mounting ( 5 ); and 
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) on seen face of said solid mounting ( 5 ) covering armatures ( 8 ) until said second wall ( 8 ) is totally formed. 
 
     
     
         27 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  attached to an excavation embankment or existing surface comprising the following steps:
 attaching to excavation embankment or existing surface armatures ( 8 ) of first wall ( 1 ) and armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ); 
 optionally, placing a second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); 
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) on embankment or existing facade covering said armatures ( 8 ) till said wall ( 1 ) is completed; 
 attaching a solid mounting ( 5 ) so that longitudinal armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ) pass through drills ( 6 ) of said solid mounting ( 5 ); 
 placing said armatures ( 8 ) of second wall ( 1 ); 
 folding and overlapping pins of said longitudinal armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ) with said armatures ( 8 ) of said second wall ( 1 ); 
 optionally, placing a second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); 
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) filling said drills ( 6 ) of said solid mounting ( 5 ) until said connectors ( 2 ) are totally built; and 
 continuing casting said concrete or cement ( 9 ) on seen face of said solid mounting ( 5 ) finishing said second wall ( 1 ). 
 
     
     
         28 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  by means of double metallic sheet mounting ( 4 ) with its prisms or metallic hollow cylinders ( 3 ) welded to both sheets by its bases for every type of structural forms comprising the following steps:
 placing double metallic sheet mounting ( 4 ) with its prisms or metallic hollow cylinders ( 3 ) welded to said sheets ( 4 ) with shape and dimensions of the whole facade to be built; forming connectors ( 2 ) casting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) and packing prisms or hollow cylinders ( 3 ); or alternatively leaving prisms or metallic hollow cylinders empty ( 3 ), the connectors made up of said prisms or metallic hollow cylinders ( 3 ); 
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) on one face of said double metallic sheet mounting; and 
 trimming or troweling before concrete or mortar ( 9 ) sets in if a certain smoothness is needed in the seen face of any wall ( 1 ). 
 
     
     
         29 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  with curvature or easily tubbing planes comprising the following steps:
 preparing a flat or with curvature tubing with the shape of the surface to be built; 
 placing the armatures ( 8 ) of the first wall and the armatures ( 7 ) of connectors on tubing surface heightened with respect to surface at a distance corresponding to concrete covering of armatures ( 8 ) by means of conventional dividers; 
 optionally, placing second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); 
 shooting or pouring the concrete or mortar ( 9 ) watching fresh mass passes under armatures ( 8 ) and ( 7 ), thus first wall ( 1 ) is formed; 
 next solid mounting ( 5 ) of second wall ( 19 ) with its drills ( 6 ) is placed so that armatures ( 7 ) pass through said drills ( 6 ) of each connector with emerging pins of longitudinal bars ( 7 ); 
 placing armatures ( 8 ) of second wall, armatures' pins of connectors ( 7 ) are folded overlapping armatures ( 8 ) of second wall; 
 optionally, placing a second grill of armatures ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); and 
 shooting or pouring the concrete or mortar ( 9 ) to fill the first drills ( 6 ) of solid mounting and proceeding on all the surface of solid mounting ( 5 ) until said second wall ( 1 ) is finished. 
 
     
     
         30 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  wherein facade shape is determined by means of armatures of one of the walls comprising the following steps:
 forming armatures' grill ( 8 ) of first wall ( 1 ) with the shape of surface, either flat or with curvature, with armatures ( 7 ) of connectors anchored to said grill; 
 placing a second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); 
 fixing a sheet ( 4 ) on the face opposing that of connectors' armatures ( 7 ); 
 shooting the concrete or mortar ( 9 ) covering grill ( 8 ) and pins of armatures ( 7 ) of connectors thus first wall is formed ( 1 ); 
 fixing a solid mounting ( 5 ) with its drills ( 6 ) so that armatures ( 7 ) of connectors pass through them and overlap mounting ( 5 ); 
 placing the armatures ( 8 ) of second wall and armatures' pins ( 7 ) of connectors folded overlapping them with those of second wall ( 1 ); 
 optionally, placing a second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); and 
 shooting the concrete or mortar ( 9 ) filling first drills ( 6 ) and covering afterwards armatures ( 8 ) of said second wall ( 1 ). 
 
     
     
         31 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  carried out by means of prefabricated connectors comprising the following steps:
 placing a solid mounting ( 5 ) with said drills ( 6 ) with shape and dimensions of surface to be built; 
 attaching armatures ( 8 ) of each wall ( 1 ) to each face of said solid mounting ( 5 ); 
 introducing prefabricated connectors ( 10 ) through drills ( 6 ) of said solid mounting ( 5 ); 
 introducing tied bars ( 11 ) impregnated in their central area with resin ( 12 ) through drills ( 14 ) having prefabricated connectors ( 10 ) in both said bases; 
 optionally, placing both second armatures' grills ( 8 ) of said walls ( 1 ) in each face of solid mounting ( 5 ) and separated of the first ones; and 
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) on each face of said solid mounting ( 5 ) until completing specified thickness for each wall ( 1 ). 
 
     
     
         32 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  as reinforcement of existing surfaces ( 13 ) of vertical, horizontal, slanted types or with curvature characterized by comprising the following steps:
 placing tubing and fixing to the surface to be reinforced ( 13 ) so that following operations are sufficiently safe; 
 practice drills ( 6   a ) in surface to be reinforced ( 13 ) according to reinforcement design. Introduce through said drills ( 6   a ) of said surface to be reinforced ( 13 ) armatures ( 7 ) of connectors ( 2 ); 
 attaching to each face of said surface ( 13 ) armatures ( 7 ) of said connectors ( 2 ) overlapping them with armatures ( 8 ) of walls ( 1 ); 
 folding pins of said armatures ( 7 ) of said connectors ( 2 ) overlapping them with armatures ( 8 ) of walls ( 1 ); 
 If necessary, place second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); 
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) filling first said drills ( 6   a ) thus forming said connectors ( 2 ) of said surface to be reinforced ( 13 ); 
 finishing both walls ( 1 ) casting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) on one face of said surface ( 13 ) and next on the other; and 
 removing tubing from structure once concrete or mortar ( 9 ) is cured and sufficiently aged to provide necessary resistance. 
 
     
     
         33 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  as reinforcement by means of prefabricated connectors of existing surface ( 13 ) of vertical, horizontal, or slanted types or with curvature comprising the following steps:
 placing tube and attach to said surface to be reinforced ( 13 ) so that the following operations are sufficiently safe; 
 placing drills ( 6   a ) in surface to be reinforced ( 13 ) according to reinforcement design; 
 attaching to each face of said surface ( 13 ) armatures ( 8 ) of the two walls ( 1 ); 
 introducing through said drills ( 6   a ) prefabricated connectors ( 10 ); 
 introducing tied bars ( 11 ) impregnated with resin ( 12 ) in their central area through drills ( 14 ) of said prefabricated connectors ( 10 ) located in both bases; 
 optionally, placing a second armatures' grill ( 8 ) separated from said first armatures ( 8 ) of said first wall ( 1 ); 
 shooting concrete or mortar ( 9 ) on both faces of said surface to be reinforced ( 13 ) until completing needed thickness of each wall ( 1 ); and 
 removing tubing of structure once concrete or mortar ( 9 ) is cured and sufficiently aged to provide necessary resistance. 
 
     
     
         34 . The method using multipurpose module to generate surfaces of  claim 24  to build prefabricated panels and floating crates for docks characterized in that:
 said panels  15  are joined through assembly parts  16  introduced between panels, rigidly joining said panels after screwing said assembled parts  16 ; and 
 said floating crates comprise a sill  17  in which surrounding walls  18  and separation walls  18  are embedded, thus embedding both types of walls  17  and  18  among them.