Catalytic reactor and vehicle equipped with said catalytic reactor

Abstract

A catalytic reactor includes a catalytic reaction section, which has a purification catalyst for gas purification, and a warming-up section, which is located at a position capable of heat-exchanging with the purification catalyst and has a chemical heat storage material that generates heat when ammonia is fixed and absorbs heat when ammonia is desorbed. The catalytic reactor is further includes an ammonia supply section, which has an adsorbent capable of adsorbing ammonia and transfers ammonia to and from the warming-up section through the adsorption and desorption of the ammonia, and an ammonia depressurization section, which has an ammonia fixation section for fixing ammonia and reduces the partial ammonia pressure of at least the interior of the warming-up section after ammonia is desorbed from the chemical heat-storage material.

1 . A catalytic reactor comprising:
 a catalytic reaction section having a purification catalyst for purifying gas;   a warming-up section located at a position capable of heat-exchanging with the purification catalyst, and wherein the warming-up section has a chemical heat storage material that generates heat when ammonia is fixed and absorbs heat when ammonia is desorbed;   an ammonia supply section having an adsorbent capable of adsorbing ammonia, wherein the ammonia supply section transfers ammonia from and to the warming-up section by adsorption and desorption of ammonia; and   an ammonia depressurization section that has an ammonia fixation section for fixing ammonia and reduces an ammonia partial pressure at least in the warming-up section after the desorption of ammonia from the chemical heat storage material.   
     
     
         2 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent is a physical adsorbent capable of physically adsorbing ammonia. 
     
     
         3 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the adsorbent has at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, mesoporous silica, zeolite, silica gel, and clay minerals. 
     
     
         4 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the warming-up section has at least one ammonia supply port and a porous body member arranged between the chemical heat storage material and the ammonia supply port, and   the porous body member is arranged such that ammonia supplied to the warming-up section through the at least one ammonia supply port diffuses in the porous body member and contacts the chemical heat storage material.   
     
     
         5 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the chemical heat storage material comprises at least one of a metal chloride, a metal bromide, and a metal iodide. 
     
     
         6 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 5 , wherein the metal chloride, the metal bromide, or the metal iodide is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorides, alkaline earth metal chlorides, transition metal chlorides, alkali metal bromides, alkaline earth metal bromides, transition metal bromides, alkali metal iodides, alkaline earth metal iodides, and transition metal iodides. 
     
     
         7 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the chemical heat storage material comprises at least one of MgCl 2 , MnCl 2 , CoCl 2 , NiCl 2 , MgBr 2  and MgI 2 . 
     
     
         8 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the chemical heat storage material is a first chemical heat storage material, and   the ammonia fixation section has a second chemical heat storage material that generates heat when ammonia is fixed and absorbs heat when ammonia is desorbed.   
     
     
         9 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 8 , wherein the second chemical heat storage material comprises at least one of BaCl 2 , CaCl 2 , and SrCl 2 . 
     
     
         10 . The catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the ammonia depressurization section has a heating section that heats the ammonia fixation section by heat-exchanging with the ammonia fixation section through flow of a heat medium. 
     
     
         11 . A vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine and the catalytic reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalytic reactor is adapted such that exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine flows into the catalytic reactor. 
     
     
         12 . The vehicle according to  claim 11 , wherein
 the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, and   the vehicle further comprises a carbonaceous substance purification section downstream of the catalytic reactor in an exhaust gas flow direction.