Small-resistance high-efficiency mining device with multiple layers of percussion heads

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of machinery, and in particular relates to a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads, which is applicable to the digging field or the field of engineering machinery. The apparatus comprises an impact power box and impact heads, wherein the impact heads are arranged at one end or two ends of the impact power box, more than two impact heads are arranged at each end of the impact power box, and the more than two impact heads are arranged vertically and/or bilaterally to increase the digging height and/or digging width. The apparatus is reliable in performance, strong in manufacturability, simple to machine and manufacture and long in service life.

1 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads includes an impact power device and impact heads, and is characterized in that the impact heads are arranged at one end or two ends of the impact power device, more than two impact heads are arranged at each end of the impact power device, and the more than two impact heads are arranged vertically and/or bilaterally, so as to increase the digging height and/or digging width. 
     
     
         2 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads includes an impact power device, the impact power device includes an impact power box or an impact power support; the impact power box includes an impact mechanism, a guide mechanism and a box body; the impact mechanism includes a hydraulic impact mechanism or a pneumatic impact mechanism or an electric impact mechanism; the electric impact mechanism includes a central shaft, a driving gear, a transmission gear, a crankshaft and a connecting rod; the connecting rod includes a power impact member, the connecting rod is separately connected with or integrated with the power impact member, the box body supports the central shaft, and the driving gear is arranged on the central shaft or integrated with the central shaft; the box body supports the crankshaft, the transmission gear is arranged on the crankshaft and separately connected with or integrated with the crankshaft, the driving gear is engaged with the transmission gear, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the crankshaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with an impact head; the box body supports the guide mechanism which includes an impact guide member, impact heads are arranged at one end or two ends of the impact guide member, and the impact guide member is separated from or separately connected or integrated with the impact heads; and the central shaft drives the driving gear to rotate, the driving gear drives the transmission gear to rotate, the transmission gear drives the crankshaft to rotate, the crankshaft drives the connecting rod to reciprocate, the connecting rod drives the impact heads to reciprocate, and the impact heads are guided by the impact guide member to reciprocate. The impact guide member is separated from or separately connected or integrated with the power impact member. 
     
     
         3 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the impact power device includes a box body, plug hammers and a control valve, wherein the box body includes more than two cavities, more than two plug hammers are arranged in the more than two cavities, the control valve controls liquid or gas, the liquid or the gas drives the more than two plug hammers to reciprocate, the more than two plug hammers drive more than two impact heads to reciprocate, and the more than two cavities are arranged vertically and/or bilaterally to increase the digging height or width. 
     
     
         4 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 3 , characterized in that each plug hammer includes a plug rod, and damage-proof power impact member mechanisms are arranged at one end or two ends of the plug rod. 
     
     
         5 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the driving gear drives more than one transmission gear. 
     
     
         6 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the crankshaft and/or the central shaft include two or more eccentric shafts. 
     
     
         7 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the driving gear drives the transmission gears to rotate, each transmission gear drives the crankshaft to rotate, and more than one eccentric shaft are at least arranged on the crankshaft. 
     
     
         8 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the more than one crankshaft is arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically relative to the central shaft. 
     
     
         9 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that more than one eccentric shaft are arranged on the central shaft, and the eccentric shaft is hinged with a connecting rod. 
     
     
         10 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 6 , characterized in that the eccentric shaft is arranged on more than one side of the transmission gear and/or the driving gear. 
     
     
         11 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the impact power device includes a guide mechanism, the guide mechanism is a suspended friction guide mechanism or a rolling friction guide mechanism or a sliding friction guide mechanism, and the guide mechanism includes impact guide members, a guide supporting member and a guide body, wherein the guide supporting member is separated from or separately connected or integrated with the box body, and the guide body is arranged between the guide supporting member and the impact guide members. 
     
     
         12 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that two impact heads move in a front-and-back staggered manner. 
     
     
         13 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the impact guide members which are adjacent to the two impact heads and move in a front-and-back staggered manner share one guide body to save space. 
     
     
         14 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that a connecting rod drives one or more impact heads. 
     
     
         15 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that damage-proof power impact member mechanisms are arranged at one end or two ends of the connecting rod, each damage-proof power impact member mechanism includes a rotary or split or buffering damage-proof power impact member mechanism, the counterforce produced when the impact heads impact a material layer is applied to the damage-proof power impact member mechanism, and the rotary damage-proof power impact member mechanism rotates to decompose the impact counterforce or the split damage-proof power impact member mechanism is split to isolate the impact counterforce or the buffering damage-proof power impact member mechanism absorbs and decomposes the impact counterforce by buffering, so as to prevent the impact counterforce from damaging the impact power device. 
     
     
         16 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 15 , characterized in that the rotary damage-proof power impact member mechanism is a joint bearing or a steering connector or a ball cage type universal joint or a cross universal joint or a bulb catching groove type universal joint or an arc-shaped catching groove type universal joint. 
     
     
         17 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 11 , characterized in that the guide body is a suspended guide body or a rolling guide body. 
     
     
         18 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 17 , characterized in that the rolling guide body is a spherical, elliptical, dumbbell-shaped, cylindrical, conical, circular, roller type, table column type, table ball type, table drum type, groove-shaped drum type, groove-shaped column type, groove-shaped ball type, groove-shaped roller type, groove-shaped elliptical, shaft-carrying, perforated, multi-edge key type, multi-edge sleeve type, rolling drum type, ball type, rolling needle type, drum type, linear bearing type, waist drum wheel type or combined rolling guide body. 
     
     
         19 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 17 , characterized in that the suspended guide body is a suspended liquid guide body or a suspended gas guide body or a suspended magnetic guide body. 
     
     
         20 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that multiple impact heads impact materials alternately, so as to reduce the damage of the counterforce produced by simultaneous impact of multiple impact heads on the impact power device. 
     
     
         21 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that a lubricating liquid passage is formed in the central shaft and/or the crankshaft and/or the connecting rod. 
     
     
         22 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that each impact head includes impact teeth and a rack. 
     
     
         23 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 22 , characterized in that the impact teeth are arranged in a step shape on the rack to form a step-type or conical impact head, so as to impact the material layer into a step shape and break the structural strength of a material layer; the step-type impact head continuously impacts the step-shaped material layer, so as to reduce the impact resistance and increase the digging depth; and the step-shaped material layer is dug to lump granularity suitable for transport and/or use during the next impact. 
     
     
         24 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 22 , characterized in that a water spray mechanism and/or a mist spray mechanism are arranged on the rack. 
     
     
         25 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 22 , characterized in that the impact teeth include surface cleaning teeth and/or blanking teeth, wherein the surface cleaning teeth clean the material layer into a required shape, so as to facilitate the passing of the machine body. 
     
     
         26 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads includes a machine body and a traveling part, wherein the impact power device is arranged on the machine body, the traveling part drives the machine body to travel, and the machine body drives the impact power device to travel. 
     
     
         27 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads includes a lifting mechanism which includes a vertical lifting mechanism or a rocker arm or a translation lifting mechanism. 
     
     
         28 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads includes a rocker arm, wherein one end of the rocker arm is arranged on the machine body, and the other end of the rocker arm is connected with the impact power device. 
     
     
         29 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 26 , characterized in that the machine body or the traveling part includes a rotary disk which is arranged at the front end of the upper part of the machine body or the upper part of the traveling part at the lower part of the machine body. 
     
     
         30 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 27 , characterized in that the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the impact power device is arranged on the rotary disk, the rotary disk rotates to drive the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm to rotate, and the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm drives the impact power device to rotate. 
     
     
         31 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 27 , characterized in that the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the impact power device is arranged on the machine body, the rotary disk drives the machine body to rotate, and the machine body drives the impact power device to rotate. 
     
     
         32 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 27 , characterized in that the rocker arm includes a four-link rocker arm mechanism or a single rocker arm mechanism. 
     
     
         33 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 32 , characterized in that the single rocker arm mechanism is a rotary, telescopic, telescopic rotary or bent single rocker arm mechanism. 
     
     
         34 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that each impact head is supported and guided by one or more impact guide members to form a multi-point supporting structure so as to centralize the impact direction of the impact head. 
     
     
         35 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 1 , characterized in that each impact head includes an outer-layer material impact mechanism and/or an inner-layer material impact mechanism, the outer-layer material impact mechanism is arranged close to the inner-layer material impact mechanism, the outer-layer material impact mechanism includes outer-material impacting teeth, the inner-layer material impact mechanism includes inner-material impacting teeth, the shape and/or arrangement of the outer-material impacting teeth are favorable for impacting the outer material of a material layer to be dug, gaps between the outer-material impacting teeth are favorable for the flowing of the material fallen because of impaction of the inner-layer material impact mechanism thereto or the outer-layer material impact mechanism is provided with a discharging hole for discharging the material fallen because of impaction of the inner-layer material impact mechanism, and the inner-layer material impact mechanism is matched with the outer-layer material impact mechanism to realize impact blanking and discharging, so that the continuously dug material may smoothly pass through the machine body. 
     
     
         36 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 35 , characterized in that the outer-layer material impact mechanism includes outer-material impacting teeth, an outer-material impacting tooth holder and an outer-material impacting protective member, wherein the outer-material impacting tooth holder is separately connected or integrated with the outer-material impacting teeth; the inner-layer material impact mechanism includes inner-material impacting teeth, an inner-material impacting tooth holder and an inner-material impacting protective member, wherein the inner-material impacting tooth holder is separately connected or integrated with the inner-material impacting teeth; the outer-material impacting protective member is separately connected or integrated with the outer-material impacting tooth holder, and the inner-material impacting protective member is separately connected or integrated with the inner-material impacting tooth holder; the impact power box drives the outer-layer material impact mechanism and the inner-layer material impact mechanism to reciprocate; and the outer-material impacting protective member and the impact power box as well as the inner-material impacting protective member and the impact power box are partially superposed all the time, so as to prevent the material from entering the outer-material impacting protective member and the impact power box and/or prevent the material from entering the inner-material impacting protective member and the impact power box. 
     
     
         37 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 36 , characterized in that the outer-material impacting protective member includes an outer-material impacting protective plate which is arranged around the outer-material impacting tooth holder or arranged locally, and the inner-material impacting protective member includes an inner-material impacting protective plate which is arranged around the inner-material impacting tooth holder or arranged locally. 
     
     
         38 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 36 , characterized in that the inner-material impacting protective member reciprocates along with the inner-material impacting tooth holder, the outer-material impacting protective member reciprocates along with the outer-material impacting tooth holder, the inner-material impacting protective plate and/or the outer-material impacting protective plate are attached to the impact power box to reciprocate, and each attached part is provided with an anti-wear gap. 
     
     
         39 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 37 , characterized in that the inner-material impacting protective plate includes an inner-material impacting protective plate sealing member, the outer-material impacting protective plate includes an outer-material impacting protective plate sealing member, the inner-material impacting protective plate sealing member and/or the outer-material impacting protective plate sealing member are arranged at the ends superposed with the impact power box all the time, and the impact power box includes an impact power box sealing member which is arranged at the end superposed with the inner-material impacting protective plate and/or the outer-material impacting protective plate all the time. 
     
     
         40 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 37 , characterized in that a sealing member is arranged at the joint part of the inner-material impacting protective plate and the inner-material impacting tooth holder, and a sealing member is arranged at the joint part of the outer-material impacting protective plate and the outer-material impacting tooth holder. 
     
     
         41 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 2 , characterized in that the impact power box includes a protective plate travel groove, the outer-material impacting protective member includes an outer-material impacting protective plate, the inner-material impacting protective member includes an inner-material impacting protective plate, and the adjacent parts of the inner-material impacting protective plate and/or the outer-material impacting protective plate reciprocate in the protective plate travel groove. 
     
     
         42 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 41 , characterized in that an elastomer is arranged in the protective plate travel groove. 
     
     
         43 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claim 37 , characterized in that an elastomer is arranged at the free end of the outer-material impacting protective plate and/or an elastomer is arranged at the free end of the inner-material impacting protective plate. 
     
     
         44 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claims 42  and  43 , characterized in that the elastomer shakes off and ejects the material brought by the outer-material impacting protective plate and/or the inner-material impacting protective plate and/or the material falling into the protective plate travel groove through elastic deformation. 
     
     
         45 . A small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads according to  claims 42  and  43 , characterized in that the elastomer absorbs the impact counterforce of the outer-layer material impact mechanism and/or the inner-layer material impact mechanism through elastic deformation.