Method for processing combustible products, reactor for implementing same (variants) and apparatus comprising said reactor

Abstract

The inventions are related to industrial processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon products. A method of processing combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon products is implemented using a reactor equipped with temperature sensors. The reactors comprise the phases of heating the charge ( 13 ), pyrolysis of combustible components and coking ( 12 ), combustion ( 11 ), and formation of a solid residue ( 4 ). At the phases of heating the charge ( 13 ) and coking and pyrolysis ( 12 ), an aerosol (i.e. dust particles and condensed liquid droplets carried away from the combustion zone ( 11 ) sorption zone ( 21 ) is formed by flushing the upper part of the charge by liquid hydrocarbonaceous products through the dispenser ( 22 ) and/or by adding to the batch the solid hydrocarbonaceous products having a softening point above 60° C. and the end boiling point above 300° C. The plant includes a reactor (either of the two aforementioned models), the discharge assembly for discharging of solid and non-combustible by-products ( 27 ), the gas-vapor mixture discharge unit ( 28 ), a cyclone separator for coarse filtering (cleaning unit for purification and removing the solid and liquid carbonaceous particles) ( 29 ), liquid products condensation unit ( 30 ), Florence flasks for condensates ( 31 ), and liquid hydrocarbon waste tank sump ( 32 ). Between the cyclone-type cleaning unit for purification and removing the solid and liquid carbonaceous particles ( 29 ) and the liquid products condensation unit ( 30 ), there is an additional gas-vapor mixture purification unit ( 33 ), consisting of a centrifugal separator for fine purification ( 34 ) and one selective-type cyclone ( 35 ). The liquid hydrocarbon waste tank sump ( 32 ) is equipped with a feed dispenser for their charging to the dispenser ( 22 ) located at the upper lid of the reactor ( 3 ). The invention allows to improve the quality of purification of the gas-vapor mixture from solid and liquid-drop impurities up to 95%, increase the process productivity and simplify the required hardware design. The invention improves the quality of the gas-vapor mixture purification from solid and liquid-drop impurities for up to 95 percent, increases the process productivity and simplifies the hardware design. 4 independent claims, 16 dependent claims, 4 figures, 3 tables, 3 examples.

1 . Method for processing the combustible carbon- and/or hydrocarbon products, which includes the preparation of the charge which consists of processed products and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor with the presence of the nozzle when applying oxygen agent and water vapor, and includes the steps of heating the charge, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, formation of a solid residue, which is discharged from the working chamber of the reactor, formation of gas vapor mixture, which includes carbon particles, cooling the gas vapor mixture with the deposition of solid and liquid particles and its discharge from the working chamber of the reactor, wherein at the phase of heating the charge and coking and pyrolysis, the aerosol sorption zone is formed by, at a minimum, flushing the upper part of the charge by liquid hydrocarbonaceous products and/or by adding to the batch the solid hydrocarbonaceous products having a softening point above 60° C. and the end boiling point above 300° C. 
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of liquid hydrocarbon-containing products used for flushing the upper part of the charge to the solid original hydrocarbonaceous products in the composition of the charge amounts to (1-3):10. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of added solid hydrocarbonaceous products to the original hydrocarbonaceous products in the composition of the charge amounts to (2-5):10. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of liquid hydrocarbon-containing products used for flushing the upper part of the charge to the added solid hydrocarbonaceous products and original hydrocarbonaceous products in the composition of the charge amounting to (1-3):(12-15). 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the centrifugal force is applied to the gas-vapor mixture at the outlet of the reactor. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the nozzle consists of the limestone with grain size ranging from 10 to 80 mm. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the nozzle contains chemically unbounded carbon. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the nozzle contains the pelletized fly ash containing chemically unbounded carbon. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the rings made from heat-resistant steel are used as a fitting. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein at a minimum, waste oil and/or organic (upper) layer oil sludges and/or liquid asphalts are used as the liquid hydrocarbon-containing products. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein at a minimum, solid oil refinery waste is used as the added solid hydrocarbonaceous products having a softening point above 60° C. and the end boiling point above 300° C. 
     
     
         12 . Reactor for continuous processing of combustible carbon- and/or hydrocarbon products with the application of the method according to  claims 1 - 11 , which includes a sealed operating chamber with a feed opening in the upper lid and the following operating zones, arranged in the technological sequence: zone for discharging solid residues from the processing with the discharging window, air and/or oxygen and water vapor supply zone with the appropriate channels, air and/or oxygen heating zone, combustion, coking and pyrolysis zones, zone for heating the processed products, zone for separating the gas-vapor mixture with at least one processed products loading channel with the gate chamber, and each zone of the operating chamber is equipped with at least one temperature sensor, and zone for heating the air and/or oxygen and gas-vapor mixture separation zone are equipped with the pressure sensors; wherein the operating chamber includes the sorption zone for solid and liquid carbon and/or hydrocarbon-containing particles, equipped with additional temperature sensors. 
     
     
         13 . The reactor according to  claim 12 , wherein the sorption zone for solid and liquid carbon and/or hydrocarbon-containing particles is capable of maintaining the operating temperature of not higher than 300° C. 
     
     
         14 . The reactor according to  claim 12 , wherein the upper part of the reactor is equipped with a device for supplying liquid hydrocarbons which provides for their uniform distribution over the cross section of the reactor. 
     
     
         15 . The reactor according to  claim 12 , wherein the gate chamber for batch feeding of processed products is equipped with two sequentially arranged sealed shutters which form an intermediate hopper and which are located between the feed hopper and the feed opening in the upper lid of the reactor. 
     
     
         16 . Reactor for continuous processing of combustible carbon- and/or hydrocarbon products with the application of the method according to  claim 1 , which includes a sealed operating chamber with a feed opening in the upper lid and the following operating zones, arranged in the technological sequence: zone for discharging solid residues from the processing with the discharging window, air and/or oxygen and water vapor supply zone with the appropriate channels, air and/or oxygen heating zone, combustion, coking and pyrolysis zones, zone for heating the processed products, zone for separating the gas-vapor mixture with at least one separation channel, processed products loading zone with the gate chamber, and each zone of the operating chamber is equipped with at least one temperature sensor, and zone for heating the air and/or oxygen and gas-vapor mixture separation zone are equipped with the pressure sensors; wherein the operating chamber includes the sorption zone for solid and liquid carbon and/or hydrocarbon-containing particles, equipped with additional temperature sensors, and the upper part of the reactor is equipped with a device for supplying liquid hydrocarbons which provides for their uniform distribution over the cross section of the reactor. 
     
     
         17 . The reactor according to  claim 16 , wherein the sorption zone for solid and liquid carbon- and/or hydrocarbon-containing particles is capable of maintaining the operating temperature of not higher than 300° C. 
     
     
         18 . The reactor according to  claim 16 , wherein the gate chamber for batch feeding of processed products is equipped with two sequentially arranged sealed shutters which form an intermediate hopper and which are located between the feed hopper and the feed opening in the upper lid of the reactor. 
     
     
         19 . Apparatus for processing combustible carbon and/or hydrocarbon products, which includes a reactor according to  claims 12  or  16 , equipped with a feed opening in the upper lid and a gate chamber for batch feeding of processed products, the discharge assembly for discharging of solid and non-combustible by-products, the gas-vapor mixture discharge unit, cyclone separator for coarse filtering as cleaning unit for purification and removing the solid and liquid carbonaceous particles, liquid products condensation unit, Florence flasks for condensates, and liquid hydrocarbon waste tank sump, wherein between the cyclone-type cleaning unit for purification and removing the solid and liquid carbonaceous particles and the liquid products condensation unit, there is an additional gas-vapor mixture purification unit, consisting of a centrifugal separator for fine purification and at least one selective-type cyclone, and, at that, the liquid hydrocarbonaceous waste tank sump is equipped with a separate feed dispenser for their charging to the distribution device located at the upper lid of the reactor. 
     
     
         20 . The apparatus according to  claim 19 , wherein Florence flasks are equipped with the feeding devices for charging the water and/or organic fractions into the combustion zone of the reactor.