Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values

Abstract

A computerized trading exchange (“CTE”) for trading hybrid incentive trade instruments (“HITIs”) having underlying value associated with diesel emission controls. The CTE may use a computerized storage device configured to store details selected from at least one of certificates, futures, options, forwards, swaps, and spreads associated with the buying and selling of the HITIs. The CTE may store at least one regulation of trading and may be configured to allow a plurality of participants to buy and sell the HITIs. The CTE may be configured to enable communications from buyers and sellers interested in executing orders relating to the HITIs or to the details concerning the HITIs, as well as from at least one party for the purpose of providing specifications concerning the HITIs to be stored by the CTE.

1 . A global pollution control system for self-funding the installation and operation of attendant diesel emission control after-treatment (“DECAT”) and recycling systems predicated on collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot “(CADS”) convertible into valuable by-products, thereby generating realizable health, environmental, recycling and other economic benefits integral to self-funding, the system comprising:
 a plurality of DECAT systems retrofit onto stationary and mobile diesel engine super-emitters of particulate matter (“PM”) and pollutants across a plurality of geographic borders separating both developed countries and a developing countries, and wherein the DECAT filters are used by each said country to agglomerate PM into larger and heavier soot that is separable from exhaust streams, thereby generating CADS that can be collected for recycling; 
 thermochemical conversion reactors employing collected CADS as feedstock for pyrolysis and/or gasification recycling processes, the by-products of which are comprised of valuable solids, liquid fuels and gases that can be reclaimed, separated, extracted and sold for internal and external commercial use; and 
 a computerized trading exchange for trading hybrid incentive trade instruments having underlying value associated with the DECAT and recycling systems, the computerized trading exchange including:
 a computerized storage device configured to store details selected from at least one of certificates, futures, options, forwards, swaps, and spreads associated with the buying and selling of the hybrid incentive trade instruments; 
 the computerized trading exchange further being configured to:
 store a regulation of trading in a memory; 
 communicate with computerized devices to enable a plurality of participants to buy and sell the hybrid incentive trade instruments; 
 electronically store details relating to the specifications and compilation of hybrid trade incentive instruments which are provided to the computerized storage device; 
 communicate with an electronic device of at least one seller to enable an interest to sell a hybrid incentive trade instrument to be presented to and processed by the computerized trading exchange; and 
 communicate with an electronic device of at least one buyer to enable a purchase interest in a hybrid incentive trade instrument to be presented to the computerized trading exchange-. 
 
 
 
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one of certificates, options, futures, forwards, swaps and spreads comprise underlying value attributed to:
 health and environmental benefits derived from attendant DECAT systems that eliminate particulate matter (“PM”) and pollutants from diesel exhaust; and   by-products generated by recycling captured CADS collected from said systems.   
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the computerized trading exchange is configured to perform at least two operations including authorizing, transmitting, receiving, matching, confirming, reporting, clearing, settling buy and sell orders for the interest in the hybrid incentive trade instrument from two parties using the computerized trading exchange. 
     
     
         4 . A pollution control system comprising:
 a computerized trading exchange for trading hybrid incentive trade instruments, the computerized trading exchange including:
 a computerized storage system configured to store details selected from a group including at least two of:
 certificates, 
 futures, 
 options, 
 forwards, 
 swaps, and 
 spreads associated with the buying and selling of hybrid incentive trade instrument with underlying value attributed to at least one of:
 health and environmental benefits derived from attendant DECAT systems that eliminate PM and pollutants from diesel exhaust; and 
 by-products generated by recycling CADS collected from said systems; and 
 
 
 the computerized storage system further being configured to store at least one regulation of trading and configured to communicate with electronic devices of a plurality of participants to buy and sell the hybrid incentive trade instruments via electronic communications with the computerized trading exchange, the plurality of participants including globally scattered communities of interest, the plurality of participants including: 
 at least one party for providing the details related to the specifications and compilation of hybrid incentive trade instruments provided to the computerized storage device; 
 at least one seller desiring to sell an interest in a hybrid incentive trade instrument; and
 at least one buyer desiring to purchase an interest in a hybrid incentive trade instrument; 
 
 wherein the computerized trading exchange provides a transparent, electronic data exchange platform operative to authorize, transmit, receive, match, confirm, report, clear, settle buy and sell orders for the interest in the hybrid incentive trade instrument. 
   
     
     
         5 . The computerized trading exchange for hybrid incentive trade instruments of  claim 4 , wherein the at least one party for providing the details, the at least one seller and the at least one buyer each have a data storage hardware device including software operative to facilitate transformational data protection via encryption. 
     
     
         6 . The computerized trading exchange of  claim 5 , wherein the plurality of participants operate over a web-based Cloud network. 
     
     
         7 . A method for implementing a global pollution control system using a computerized trading exchange, the computerized trading exchange employing hybrid incentive trade instruments (“CADS Hybrid(s)”) featuring Exchange-established market values attributed to elimination of PM and other pollutants from exhaust of diesel engines and (ii) by-products generated by recycling CADS collected from Attendant DECAT systems, the global pollution control system being in communication with geographically remote communities of interest (COI), the method comprising:
 electronically receiving, using the computerized trading exchange, at least one of specified certificates, indexes, futures, options, forwards, swaps, spreads and derivatives associated with buying, selling, delivery and settling of CADS Hybrids; 
 listing said certificates, indexes, futures, options, forwards, swaps, spreads and other derivatives that are extended to COI, wherein the COI include at least one of:
 members of the Exchange; 
 commissioned merchants; 
 introducing brokers; 
 trading counterparties in the form of commercials and speculators; 
 clearinghouses; and 
 reporting services, 
 
 configuring the computerized trading exchange to at least one of authorize, transmit, receive, match, confirm, report, clear, settle and execute buy and sell orders for at least one of said specified certificates, indexes, futures, options, forwards, swaps, spreads and derivatives, wherein said orders originate and are electronically transmitted from geographically remote locations over a secure network; 
 using the computerized trading exchange to:
 store policies and rules and monitor compliance therewith; 
 arrange for trades to be cleared and settled by at least one clearinghouse; 
 obtain requisite licenses and approvals granted by applicable government regulatory bodies; and 
 implement operating and reporting systems to facilitate conducting business over the computerized trading exchange. 
 
 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the certificates, indexes, futures, options, forwards, swaps, spreads and other derivatives are directly or indirectly linked to a market value of CADS' intrinsic co-benefits, comprised of the following:
 health benefits derived by eliminating PM (VOC) toxicity, which are achieved by exhaust cooling and DPC agglomeration, as well as eco-friendly methods of recycling via TCC processing;   environmental benefits derived by preventing black carbon soot from entering the atmosphere or falling to the ground where a chemical makeup and toxicity thereof damages at least one of humans, animals, plants, and bodies of water which are achieved by collecting and employing CADS as recycling feedstock;   climate change benefits derived by preventing black carbon soot from providing potent GW forces either in the atmosphere or after falling onto snow/ice, whilst selectively allowing SO 2 /SOx to pass through the DPC and assume a beneficial role as substantial cooling forces in the atmosphere, so as to offset the effects of GHG and other GW forces residing there;   CADS recycling values, which are realized after TCC processes (pyrolysis and/or gasification) decompose CADS, inter alia, into the following byproducts:
 char, carbon black (CB) or CB feedstock, sulfur and sulfuric acid, which are salable as commodities; 
 fullerenes, which are precursors for the synthesis of single walled carbon nanotubes; 
 non-carbon ash, which is used as construction aggregate; 
 oils and vapors, which are cooled and condensed into liquid fuels that are burnable directly in boilers and internal combustion engines or refineable for higher quality uses such as motor oils, chemicals and adhesives; and 
   gases, which are able to be burned in a boiler for heat or in an internal combustion engine for electricity generation or combined heat and power, including recirculatable heat and power integral to the TCC process employed, as well as gases that are able to be scrubbed to remove impurities and converted via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, Claus or other conversion processes into cleaner grades of reusable fuels and chemicals.   
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the computerized trading exchange is configured to communicate with:
 a front-end populated by the COI with at least one front end server acting as a flexible portion of the web-based Cloud network;   a proprietary data storage hardware device in the form of a dongle which is loaded with software needed to facilitate transformational data protection via encryption that bit-splits data from multiple slices or shares and adds authentication and fault tolerant information as data moves through the web-based Cloud network, enabling COI to share the same network infrastructure while restricting non-authorized COIs or a population at large accessing data that is not intended to be available, thereby providing controls over what specific data can be accessed at any given time, where data is stored and who manages various storage needs and server networks; and   storage networks which are multi-faceted and scalable to sufficiently accommodate one or more facilities dedicated solely to implementing the computerized trading exchange, and at qualified remote shared Cloud data resource centers independently contracted by the computerized trading exchange.   
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the front-end server is configured in accordance with at least one of:
 COI users' independently employed personal computers, tablets, smart phones, and data interchange terminals tied to other trading systems subject to requirements that they are compatible with the computerized trading exchange provided software applications and interconnected with at least one of:
 a dongle configured to communicate with the computerized trading exchange; or 
 proprietary data interchange terminals made to predetermined specifications and containing the requisite software applications and a requisite dongle; or 
 a downloadable software component configured to run on a computing device and to enable communications with the computerized trading exchange. 
   
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the front-end server is employed to perform the following functions:
 receive a notification from the computerized trading exchange regarding the user's authorized status as well as all software applications and updates;   confirm a relationship with entitled intermediaries, including the terms and conditions associated with commissions and fees (“C&F”) margin guarantees;   transmit trade orders to the computerized trading exchange in the form of bids and offers that, denote the following:
 type of contract or agreement including certificates, indexes, futures, options, forwards, swaps or spreads, as well pertinent expiration and delivery dates; 
 type of financial settlement or physical delivery; 
 delivery point; and 
 bid or offer price and volume in terms of number of contracts, each of which is denominated in the mass weight of the underlying commodity; and 
 receive notifications from the computerized trading exchange regarding at least one confirmed and executed trade, money payable or receivable in connection with open trades, settled trades and entitled intermediaries' C&F. 
   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the dongle is made according to specifications set by the computerized trading exchange and supplied to COI either as at least one of serialized USB thumb drives or stick devices connectable to independently employed servers; and wherein the dongle uses a PIN to reboot the server into a computerized trading exchange Cloud-enabled operating environment, or as an integral component of the computerized trading exchange's proprietary data interchange terminal. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the host server is employed to perform the following functions:
 notify all virtual front-end servers of their authorized COI status, as well as all computerized trading exchange and clearinghouse policies, rules, and updates concerning at least a plurality of computerized trading exchange traded certificates, indexes, futures, options, forwards, swaps, spreads, position limits and margin requirements;   distribute all software applications and updates provided by the computerized trading exchange to authorized COI virtual servers;   receive all authenticated customer bids/offers, which are posted and matched with the posted offers/bids of other customers, resulting in confirmations of all executed trades, the data of which is then transmitted to affected trade parties and entitled intermediaries, as well as to a contracted clearinghouse of the computerized trading exchange, and a reporting service firm;   facilitate, via the clearinghouse contracted by the computerized trading exchange, the posting and maintenance of required margin levels based on attendant open trade positions;   facilitate, via the reporting service contracted by the computerized trading exchange, the reporting of trade activity conducted at the computerized trading exchange including posted prices and volumes associated with open bids and offers, executed and open trades, open interest, settled trades and historical data;   based on confirmations received from applicable COI and underlying executed trade data, compute C&F and other charges associated with each open and settled trade, and notify all affected parties of their respective amounts payable or receivable in connection therewith; and   provide a platform for account and payment management, alerts and entitlements in connection with the payable or receivable amounts noted directly above.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the trade margining, marks-to-market, clearing and settlement functions are performed by qualified clearinghouses using at least one of an affiliate of the computerized trading exchange or an independently contracted clearinghouse, each being a COI in the web-based Cloud network. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the CADS Hybrid certificates specified, listed and traded provide holders with carbon credit rights tied to the underlying mass of CADS expressed in terms of the CO 2  equivalent of one tonne of CO 2 , rights that can be traded as part of a mutual listing agreement with one or more of the so-called “green exchanges,” including the Green Exchange (“GreenX”). 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the underlying mass of CADS is delineated into verifiable levels of reduced GW force black carbon soot, as well as accompanying SO 2 /SOx emissions serving as substantial cooling forces offsetting GHG and other GW forces residing in the atmosphere, with said levels verified by independent emissions tests approved by requisite regulatory bodies and independent scientific research findings. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the independent emission test facilities compare baseline PM emissions of the subject diesel engine exhaust with the subsequent PM emissions of the same diesel engine subject fitted with an Attendant DECAT system, with the eliminated PM expressed in terms of grams per mile or kg for mobile applications and pounds or kg per MMBtu for power generators and other stationary applications. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the global pollution control system uses a coordinating financing mechanism to coordinate the use and application of CADS Hybrids, as well as one or more of the following:
 adjunct government policy tools;   grants from sovereign bodies;   grants from global regulatory bodies; or   loans from entities dealing in concert with either of said sovereign or global regulatory bodies.   
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein:
 CADS Hybrids are linked to sovereign and global regulatory environmental policies employing emission reduction credit and/or capped allowance trading (“Cap-and-Trade”) systems; and   wherein at least one customer of the computerized trading exchange is a sovereign or global regulatory body in charge of maintaining pollution control systems in its respective country, region or sphere;   wherein at least one customer of the computerized trading exchange is an emissions bank qualified for trading by said regulatory bodies and the computerized trading exchange.