Dietary Compositions and Methods for Protection Against Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Oxidative Stress, and Aging

Abstract

The present invention relates to dietary compositions comprising reduced level of methionine, tryptophan, all amino acids, or protein, dietary compositions comprising glycerol as a substitute for monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and hypocaloric or calorie free diets with reduced level of energy, carbohydrates, or protein. Also disclosed are methods of using these compositions and diets, as well as fasting, to protect subjects against chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oxidative stress, or aging.

1 . A dietary composition comprising:
 0-0.2% (by weight) L-methionine;   L-tryptophan, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, and L-valine in the amount of at least 0.05% (by weight) each; and   no protein.   
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamatic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-proline, L-serine, L-tyrosine, L-arginine, and L-histidine. 
     
     
         3 . A method of protecting an animal or human against chemotherapy, comprising administering the composition of  claim 1  to an animal or human, thereby protecting the animal or human against chemotherapy. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 , further comprising exposing the animal or human to the chemotherapy. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the composition is administered to the animal or human for 3-10 consecutive days prior to the exposing step, 24 hours following the exposing step, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         6 . A dietary composition comprising:
 0-0.2% (by weight) L-tryptophan;   L-methionine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, L-valine in the amount of at least 0.05% (by weight) each; and   no protein.   
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 6 , further comprising one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamatic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-proline, L-serine, L-tyrosine, L-arginine, and L-histidine. 
     
     
         8 . A method of protecting an animal or human against chemotherapy, comprising administering the composition of  claim 6  to an animal or human, thereby protecting the animal or human against chemotherapy. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , further comprising exposing the animal or human to the chemotherapy. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the composition is administered to the animal or human for 3-10 consecutive days prior to the exposing step, 24 hours following the exposing step, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         11 . A dietary composition comprising:
 L-methionine, L-tryptophan, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, L-valine, L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamatic acid, L-glutamine, L-glycine, L-proline, L-serine, L-tyrosine, L-arginine; and L-histidine in the amount of 0-0.2% (by weight) each; and   no protein.   
     
     
         12 . A method of protecting an animal or human against chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oxidative stress, or aging, comprising administering the composition of  claim 11  to an animal or human, thereby protecting the animal or human against chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oxidative stress, or aging. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , further comprising exposing the animal or human to the chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or oxidative stress. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the composition is administered to the animal or human for 3-10 consecutive days prior to the exposing step, 24 hours following the exposing step, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the composition is administered every third meal or every 3-10 days to protect the animal or human against aging. 
     
     
         16 . A dietary composition comprising glycerol as a substitute for monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 
     
     
         17 . A method of protecting an animal or human against chemotherapy or oxidative stress, comprising administering the composition of  claim 16  to an animal or human, thereby protecting the animal or human against chemotherapy or oxidative stress. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising exposing the animal or human to the chemotherapy or oxidative stress. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the composition is administered to the animal or human for 3-10 consecutive days prior to the exposing step, 24 hours following the exposing step, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         20 . A hypocaloric or calorie free diet comprising: dietary materials capable of providing nutrition to a human subject while providing no more than 813-957 kcal total energy, no more than half of which is in carbohydrates if the carbohydrates are present in the dietary materials, wherein the dietary materials include no more than 30-36 g protein. 
     
     
         21 . The diet of  claim 20 , wherein the dietary materials are capable of providing no more than 700 kcal total energy. 
     
     
         22 - 26 . (canceled) 
     
     
         27 . A method of protecting an animal or human against chemotherapy, comprising:
 fasting an animal or human suffering from cancer for 48-140 hours prior to one round of chemotherapy, 4-56 hours following the chemotherapy, or a combination thereof; and   exposing the animal or human to the chemotherapy.   
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the animal or human is fasted for no more than 180 hours prior to and following one round of chemotherapy.