Methods and systems for detection of target and applications thereof

Abstract

A method of recovering a target from a sample is provided. The method of recovering the target follows different steps. The steps include providing a binding element, wherein the binding elements are immobilized on a solid support, adding the sample comprising the target to the binding element to form a binding element-target complex; washing the binding element-target complex; and eluting the target from the binding element-target complex. The system for reversible detection of target in a range from 2 to 1,000,000 bind/release cycles is also provided.

1 . A method of recovering a target from a sample, comprising:
 providing a substrate coupled binding element, wherein the binding element is immobilized on a solid support;   adding the sample comprising the target to the substrate coupled binding element to form a substrate coupled binding element-target complex;   washing the substrate coupled binding element-target complex; and   eluting the target from the substrate coupled binding element-target complex.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the binding element is recovered and recycled. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the binding element is recycled for 2 to 100,000 times. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the binding element is recycled for 2 to 100 times. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the solid support is a sensor surface. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising determining a concentration of the target in the sample. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the binding element is further coupled to a substrate comprising a polymer, a protein, a peptide, a carbohydrate, a small molecule or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the substrate comprises a polymer. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the substrate comprises one or more stimuli responsive polymer comprising dextran hydrogel, a thermo responsive polymer. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a linker selected from a biotin, streptavidin, NHS ester, thiol or combination thereof. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the washing is achieved with a buffer or a salt solution. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the elution is achieved by washing the complex with deionized water, dilute base, salt solution, a buffer with low ionic strength, a chelator or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         13 . A method for reversible detection of a target, comprising:
 immobilizing one or more binding elements on a sensor surface,   contacting a sample comprising an unknown concentration of the target to the binding elements on the sensor surface to form a binding element-target complex in a target binding event;   detecting the target-binding event with a detector to generate a detection signal;   eluting the target from the binding element-target complex in an elution event;   applying a regeneration solution to complete the removal of the target bound to the binding element in a regeneration event;   determining a number of the target-binding event, the elution event, regeneration event or combinations thereof; and   applying a correction to the detection signal based on the number of the binding event, the elution event, the regeneration event or combinations thereof during the reversible detection of the target over at least 100 bind/release cycles.   
     
     
         14 . A method for reversible detection of a target and quantitation of a target concentration in a sample, comprising:
 immobilizing one or more binding elements on a sensor surface,   contacting a sample comprising the target to the binding elements to form a binding element-target complex in a target binding event;   detecting the target-binding event with a detector to generate a detection signal;   eluting the target from the binding element-target complex in an elution event;   applying a regeneration solution to regenerate the binding element in a regeneration event;   determining a number of the target binding event, the elution event, the regeneration event or combinations thereof; and   applying a correction to the detection signal based on the number of the target binding event, the elution event, the regeneration event or combinations thereof during the reversible detection of the target and quantitation of the target concentration over at least 100 bind/release cycles.   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the correction to the detection signal improves detection accuracy of the concentration of the target in the sample. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein a number of the reversible detection is in a range from 2 to 1,000,000. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein a number of the reversible detection comprising binding event, elution event, or combinations thereof is in a range from 2 to 1,000. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the elution is achieved by washing the sensor with an dilute base, a salt solution, a buffer with low ionic strength, a chelator or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         19 . A system for reversible detection of a target, comprising:
 a sample holder comprising one or more binding elements immobilized on a surface, wherein the surface is configured to load a sample comprising the target to complete a binding event forming a binding element-target complex;   an inlet to supply at least a first solution to wash the binding element-target complex;   an inlet to supply at least a second solution to elute the target from the binding element-target complex to complete an elution event;   a detector to generate a detection signal in proportion to the concentration of the target in the sample; and   a processor for calibrating performance of the system for reversible operation of the immobilized binding elements.   
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 19 , wherein the processor provides a dissociation constant of the binding elements immobilized on the surface after each elution event. 
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 19 , wherein a number of binding event, elution event, or combinations thereof of the reversible operation is in a range from 2 to 1,000. 
     
     
         22 . The system of  claim 19 , wherein a number of binding event, elution event, or combinations thereof of the reversible operation is in a range from 2 to 1,000,000. 
     
     
         23 . The system of  claim 19 , further comprising a chamber for collecting the target after elution. 
     
     
         24 . The system of  claim 19 , wherein the binding elements are immobilized on the surface through one or more substrates. 
     
     
         25 . A system for reversible detection of a target, comprising:
 a sample holder comprising one or more binding elements immobilized on a surface of the sample holder, wherein the surface is configured to load a sample comprising the target to form a binding element-target complex to complete a binding event;   an inlet to supply at least a first solution to wash the binding element-target complex to complete a washing event;   an inlet to supply at least a second solution to elute the target from the binding element-target complex to complete an elution event;   a target-concentration detector to generate a detection signal in proportion to a concentration of the target in the sample;   a counter for counting the binding event, washing event, elution event or combinations thereof; and   a processor for calibrating a performance of the system based on a number of prior performed bind-release cycles for accurate reversible operation of the immobilized binding elements.