Apparatus for burning fuel

Abstract

The invention relates to firing technology and can be employed in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in gas turbine plants, gas-steam plants, boilers, and other thermal plants. The fuel and the air enter the combustion chamber via a fuel-air inlet port. The delivery of fuel can be done by means of injecting the liquid or gaseous fuel via a nozzle. The fuel-air mixture occurs in the inlet port. Upon the tangential entrance of the fuel-air mixture from the inlet port into the combustion chamber, the swirl is effected in the combustion chamber, and the mixture is combusted. The combustion residues, because of the disposition of the inlet port at a tangent to the combustion chamber, are set into rotary motion. The hollow cone is oriented and disposed with its tip toward the combustion chamber and contributes to forming a swirl angle of the combustion residues. A confusor increases the flow resistance, and consequently the pressure in the combustion chamber increases. This leads to an increase in the speed of the chemical reactions and an increase in the temperature of the combustion residues.

The following are claimed: 
     
         1 . An apparatus for fuel combustion, having an end wall ( 1 ), a first cylindrical wall ( 12 ), a first conical wall ( 11 ), a fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ), a second cylindrical wall ( 10 ), a second conical wall ( 9 ), and an ignition means ( 4 ), wherein the first cylindrical wall ( 10 ) is embodied as round; the first conical wall ( 9 ) is embodied as the jacket face of a truncated cone; the first cylindrical wall ( 10 ) is connected on one end to the first conical wall ( 9 ) on the end of its greater diameter; the first cylindrical wall ( 10 ) and the first conical wall ( 9 ) are disposed coaxially; the end wall ( 1 ) is connected to the first cylindrical wall ( 10 ) along its edge on the end which is opposite the first conical wall ( 11 ); the ignition means ( 4 ) is located in the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ); the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ) is connected tangentially to the first cylindrical wall ( 12 ); the first opening ( 2 ) is embodied at the connection point of the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ) and the first cylindrical wall ( 12 ); the second conical wall ( 9 ) is connected on the end of its greater diameter to the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ); the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ) and the second conical wall ( 9 ) are coaxial with the first cylindrical wall ( 12 ), and the end face is embodied circularly, WHEREIN,
 the first conical wall ( 11 ) is connected at its edge having the lesser diameter to the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ) in the middle part of its outer surface;   the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ) is divided into an inner part ( 16 ) and an outer part ( 17 );   the inner part ( 16 ) is embodied by a region of the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ), specifically from the edge of the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ) that is located in the hollow chamber, embodied by the first cylindrical wall ( 12 ), the first conical wall ( 9 ), and a hollow cone ( 23 ), to the connection with the first conical wall ( 11 );   the outer part ( 17 ) is embodied by the region of the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ) from the connection point to the first conical wall ( 11 ) to the connection point to the second conical wall ( 9 );   a cylindrical hollow chamber ( 20 ) is embodied by a third cylindrical wall ( 19 ) and the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ); and   the hollow cone ( 23 ) is embodied by the jacket face of the cone and the end wall ( 1 ).   
     
     
         2 . The apparatus of  claim 1 , WHEREIN,
 the first cylindrical wall ( 12 ) and the first conical wall ( 11 ) having the second cylindrical wall ( 10 ) and the second conical wall ( 9 ) are surrounded by a insulation material ( 22 );   between the first conical wall part ( 11 ) and the second cylindrical wall part ( 10 ) having the second conical wall part ( 9 ), a cylindrical hollow chamber ( 20 ) is formed, which is filled with a coolant; and   the insulation material ( 22 ), in the vicinity of the cylindrical hollow chamber ( 20 ), is provided with an inlet port ( 21 ) and an outlet port ( 18 ) for the coolant.   
     
     
         3 . The apparatus of  claim 1  or  2 , WHEREIN,
 the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ) is oriented tangentially to the first cylindrical wall ( 12 ); and 
 the nozzle ( 15 ) is built into the entrance to the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ). 
 
     
     
         4 . The apparatus of  claim 1 ,  2  or  3 , WHEREIN,
 the ignition means ( 4 ) is introduced into the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ) perpendicularly to the axis of the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ). 
 
     
     
         5 . The apparatus of one of  claims 1  through  4 , WHEREIN,
 the edge of the second conical wall ( 9 ) having the lesser diameter forms a second opening ( 8 ), through which the combustion residues flow out from the cylindrical part ( 6 ). 
 
     
     
         6 . The apparatus of  claim 5 , WHEREIN,
 the second conical wall ( 9 ) forms a confusor ( 7 ), which is disposed coaxially to the cylindrical part ( 6 ), the combustion chamber ( 3 ), and a conical part ( 5 ) embodied by the first conical wall ( 11 ).   
     
     
         7 . The apparatus of  claim 6 , WHEREIN,
 the confusor ( 7 ) on the end face of the cylindrical part ( 6 ) increases the flow resistance and thus the pressure in the cylindrical part ( 6 ) and in the combustion chamber ( 3 ), in proportion to which increase in pressure the chemical reaction speed increases.   
     
     
         8 . The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN,
 the axis of the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ) does not intersect the axis of the combustion chamber ( 3 ) and is located in the plane which is perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber ( 3 ).   
     
     
         9 . The apparatus of one of  claims 1  through  7 , WHEREIN,
 the axis of the fuel-air inlet port ( 14 ) and the axis of the combustion chamber ( 3 ) are disposed in skewed fashion to one another. 
 
     
     
         10 . The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN,
 spark plugs or torches are employed as ignition means ( 4 ).   
     
     
         11 . The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN,
 the delivery of fuel is effected by means of liquid-fuel or gaseous-fuel injection.   
     
     
         12 . The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN,
 the delivery of fuel and air is effected together or separately.   
     
     
         13 . The apparatus of one of the foregoing claims, WHEREIN,
 the hollow cone ( 23 ) in the combustion chamber ( 3 ) is definitive for the swirl angle of the combustion residues.