3-Dimension Fiber Structures for Composites and Interfaces

Abstract

A material suitable to keep layers or plies of a composite material from adhering to each other during production and transportion.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A sheet article, comprising: a substrate; a plurality of fasteners on at least a portion of one surface of the substrate; and a cover, at least partially covering the plurality of fasteners; wherein the cover at least partially protects the plurality of fasteners and prevents the plurality of fasteners from engaging other fasteners or pressing down; wherein the covered fasteners can be exposed or the cover can be removed if need. 
     
     
         2 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fasteners are selected from a group comprising of hooks, loops, anchor-shape hooks, fish hooks, forks, big heads, arrow-shape hooks, group loops, and group hooks. 
     
     
         3 . The sheet article of  claim 1 , wherein the cover comprising: a second substrate; a plurality of upstanding or protruding studs or walls on the second substrate; wherein the plurality of upstanding or protruding studs or walls protect a plurality of fasteners in an adjacent sheet. 
     
     
         4 . The sheet article in  claim 2 , wherein the hook or loop shape hook is stiffened to a certain level so that it can really engage with other hook or loop fasteners of other sheet article. 
     
     
         5 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein in order to stack up the sheet articles, the covers are only on the designed parts of the designed sheet (designed part on the surface sheet); lay up at least three plies of the sheet articles to form a 3D composite, wherein all plies may be fastened by the engaged fasteners on said piles, wherein matrix material to bond the at least three plies, wherein surface side may or may not have fasteners, wherein surface side may or may not have covers at the designed part. 
     
     
         6 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein sheet article is impregnated with one or more matrix materials selected from the group of polymer, resin, metal, ceramic, carbon, glass to obtain a prepreg sheet, lay up at least two said prepreg plies to get a 3D composite, wherein only surface side may or may not have covers at the designed part. 
     
     
         7 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein in order to increase the bonding strength of two articles, the cover is removed, insert the sheet article to the interface area of two articles when bonding the two articles, wherein the fasteners on the sheet article will extend into the bodies of two bonding articles to increase interface strength, wherein the fasteners on the sheet article will interlock with the fasteners of two bonding articles if they have fasteners themselves. 
     
     
         8 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein said substrate is comprised of plurality of fiber sheet plied contiguously, wherein said plurality fiber sheet are mechanically fastened together. 
     
     
         9 . The sheet article in  claim 8 , wherein said fibers in the same sheet can be lined up to a same direction or to different directions forming a multi-layer multi-axis sheet. 
     
     
         10 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein in order to stack up the sheet articles, the covers are only on the designed parts of the designed sheet (designed part on the surface sheet); lay up at least two plies of the sheet articles to form a 3D composite wherein all plies may be connected and supported by the fasteners on said piles; wherein matrix material to infiltrate at least partial of the plies and fasteners, wherein said plies are not fully touched and there are hollow spaces between plies, wherein surface side may or may not have fasteners, wherein surface side may or may not have covers at the designed part. 
     
     
         11 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein sheet articles have gap between two sheet articles to be fit in by pins of fiber sheet handling tool, wherein pins can grab and separate the sheet article. 
     
     
         12 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein fasteners can lean with acute angle at desired location and direction. 
     
     
         13 . The sheet article in  claim 1 , wherein substrate have matrix material at inner walls of openings, wherein fasteners can be aligned through openings. 
     
     
         14 . A method of using fastener cover on a sheet, comprising the steps of: applying a covering material to at least one fastener on the sheet to protect the at least one fastener; and removing the cover material during a bonding process to expose the at least one fastener. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the applying step further comprises the step of: applying a sizing or a coating material to coat the at least one fastener. 
     
     
         16 . A tire or cutting wheel, comprising: a plurality of sheets; and a plurality of fasteners on at least one of the plurality of sheets; wherein the plurality of fasteners on adjacent sheets are interlocked. 
     
     
         17 . The cutting wheel in  claim 16 , wherein the plurality of fasteners in the tire or cutting wheel withhold particles against wearing during cutting.