Highly functional, hyperbranched polycarbonates and production and use thereof

Abstract

Hyperbranched polycarbonates having stabilizing groups, prepared by reaction of (a) at least one compound having at least three alcoholic hydroxyl groups per molecule with (b) at least one reagent of the general formula I (c) and at least one reagent of the general formula X 3 -(A 1 ) m -X 4 , where the variables are defined as follows: X 1 , X 2 are identical or different and are selected from among halogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 10 -aryloxy and O—C(═O)-halogen, X 3 is a functional group selected from among OH, SH, NH 2 , NH—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, isocyanate, epoxy, COOH, COOR 12 , C(═O)—O—C(═O), C(═O)—Cl, R 12 is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 6 -C 10 -aryl, A 1 is a spacer or a single bond, m is zero or one. X 4 is a group selected from among phenol groups, benzophenones, aromatic amines and nitrogen-comprising heterocycles, in each case substituted or unsubstituted.

1 . A hyperbranched polycarbonate having stabilizing groups, prepared by a reaction comprising reacting
 (a) at least one compound having at least three alcoholic hydroxyl groups per molecule with   (b) at least one reagent of the general formula I   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         (c) and at least one reagent of the general formula X 3 -(A 1 ) m -X 4 , 
       
       wherein
 X 1 , X 2  are identical or different and are selected from among halogen, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 10 -aryloxy and O—C(═O)-halogen, 
 X 3  is a functional group selected from among OH, SH, NH 2 , NH—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, isocyanate, epoxy, COOH, COOR 12 , C(═O)—O—C(═O), C(═O)—Cl, 
 R 12  is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 6 -C 10 -aryl, 
 A 1  is a spacer or a single bond, 
 m is zero or one, 
 X 4  represents a nitrogen-comprising heterocycle represented by formula II a or formula II b: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are identical or different and are each, independently of one another C 1 -C 10 -alkyl or C 3 -C 10 -cycloalkyl, 
         X 5  is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an NH group, an N—(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) group, a carbonyl group, 
         A 2  is a single bond or a spacer, 
         n is zero or one, and 
         X 6  is hydrogen, oxygen, O—C 1 -C 19 -alkyl, C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, C 2 -C 18 -acyl, or aryloxy-carbonyl having from 7 to 12 carbon atoms. 
       
     
     
         2 . The hyperbranched polycarbonate according to  claim 1 , wherein A 1  is a single bond or a C 1 -C 10 -alkylene group. 
     
     
         3 - 4 . (canceled) 
     
     
         5 . The hyperbranched polycarbonate according to  claim 1 , wherein at least one compound having at least three hydroxyl groups per molecule (a) is selected from among glycerol and (HO—CH 2 ) 3 X 7 , unalkoxylated or alkoxylated by from one to one hundred C 2 -C 4 -alkylene oxide units per hydroxyl group, where X 7  is selected from among a nitrogen atom and C—R 6 , where R 6  is selected from among hydrogen and C 1 -C 4 -alkyl. 
     
     
         6 . The hyperbranched polycarbonate according to  claim 1 , which has a dynamic viscosity in the range from 100 to 150 000 mPa·s determined at 23° C. 
     
     
         7 . The hyperbranched polycarbonate according to  claim 1 , which has a glass transition temperature T g  in the range from −70° C. to 10° C. 
     
     
         8 . The hyperbranched polycarbonate according to  claim 1 , which is prepared with at least one compound (a) having at least three alcoholic hydroxyl groups per molecule in a mixture with at least one compound (d) having two alcoholic hydroxyl groups per molecule. 
     
     
         9 . A process for preparing hyperbranched polycarbonates according to  claim 1 , which comprises mixing
 at least one compound having at least three alcoholic hydroxyl groups per molecule and   at least one reagent of the general formula I,   at least one reagent of the general formula X 3 -(A 1 ) m -X 4 , and,   if appropriate, at least one compound having two alcoholic hydroxyl groups per molecule   with one another and heating them to a temperature in the range from 60 to 260° C.   
     
     
         10 . The process according to  claim 9 , wherein heating is carried out in the presence of an inorganic or organic base. 
     
     
         11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . A process for preparing thermoplastics or thermosets using at least one hyperbranched polycarbonate according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         13 . (canceled) 
     
     
         14 . A process for preparing polyoxymethylene using at least one hyperbranched polycarbonate according to  claim 1 .