Quaternary Ammonium Salts In Heating Oils

Abstract

The invention relates to heating oils continuing quaternary ammonium salts, including succinimide, Mannich, polyalkylene substituted amine, quaternary ammonium salts. The invention also relates to the use of such salts in heating oil compositions and the use of such heating oil compositions in heating systems such as furnaces.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A heating oil composition comprising:
 (A) a heating oil; and   (B) a quaternary ammonium salt detergent;   wherein the detergent comprises the reaction product of: (i) a compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group; and (ii) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of compound (i) to a quaternary nitrogen.   
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein component (i), the compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group, comprises:
 (a) the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing the acylating agent wherein the condensation product has at least one tertiary amino group; 
 (b) a polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; 
 (c) a Mannich reaction product having at least one tertiary amino group, wherein the Mannich reaction product is derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and an amine; 
 (d) a compound containing at least one amide group and at least one tertiary amine functionality; 
 (e) a compound containing at least one ester group and at least one tertiary amino group; or 
 (f) any combination thereof. 
 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein component (i), the compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group, comprises the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent and further having at least one tertiary amino group; and
 wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and the compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing with said acylating agent is dimethylaminopropylamine, N-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N,N-dimethyl-aminopropylamine, N,N-diethylaminopropylamine, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethylamine, diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, dibutylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentaamine, pentaethylenehexaamine, hexamethylenetetramine, and bis(hexamethylene)triamine. 
 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein component (i), the compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group, comprises a polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group;
 wherein the polyalkene substituent of the polyalkene-substituted amine is derived from polyisobutylene; and 
 wherein the polyalkene-substituted amine has a number average molecular weight of about 500 to about 3000. 
 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein component (i), the compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group, comprises a Mannich reaction product having a tertiary amino group, said Mannich reaction product being prepared from the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and an amine;
 wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol of component (a) is a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight of 400 to 3,000; 
 wherein the aldehyde of component (a) is a formaldehyde or a reactive equivalent thereof; and 
 wherein the amine of component (a) is selected from the group consisting of dimethylamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, diethylenetriamine, dibutylamine, and mixtures thereof. 
 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a cation represented by the following formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 R 21  is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; 
 R 22  is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; 
 R 23  is a hydrocarbylene group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; 
 R 24  is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 50 to 150 carbon atoms; and 
 X is a group derived from the quaternizing agent. 
 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein component (ii), the quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of compound (i) to a quaternary nitrogen, comprises:
 (a) dialkyl sulfates; 
 (b) benzyl halides; 
 (c) hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; 
 (d) hydrocarbyl epoxides; 
 (e) esters of carboxylic acids and/or polycarboxylic acids; 
 (f) any combination thereof; 
 wherein the quaternizing agent may optionally be used in combination with an acid. 
 
     
     
         8 . A method of operating a heating device comprising the steps of:
 I. Supplying to said heating device a heating oil composition comprising (A) a heating oil; and (B) a quaternary ammonium salt;   wherein the quaternary ammonium salt detergent comprises the reaction product of: (i) a compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group; and (ii) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of compound (i) to a quaternary nitrogen.   
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8  wherein component (i), the compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group, comprises:
 (a) the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing the acylating agent wherein the condensation product has at least one tertiary amino group; 
 (b) a polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; 
 (c) a Mannich reaction product having at least one tertiary amino group, wherein the Mannich reaction product is derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and an amine; 
 (d) a compound containing at least one amide group and at least one tertiary amine functionality; 
 (e) a compound containing at least one ester group and at least one tertiary amino group; or 
 (f) any combination thereof. 
 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9  wherein component (ii), the quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of compound (i) to a quaternary nitrogen, comprises:
 (a) dialkyl sulfates; 
 (b) benzyl halides; 
 (c) hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; 
 (d) hydrocarbyl epoxides; 
 (e) esters of carboxylic acids and/or polycarboxylic acids; 
 (f) any combination thereof; 
 wherein the quaternizing agent may optionally be used in combination with an acid. 
 
     
     
         11 . The use of a quaternary ammonium salt as a soot modifier in a heating oil composition;
 wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises the reaction product of: (i) a compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group; and (ii) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of compound (i) to a quaternary nitrogen.   
     
     
         12 . The use of  claim 11  wherein component (i), the compound comprising at least one tertiary amino group, comprises:
 (a) the condensation product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and a compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of condensing the acylating agent wherein the condensation product has at least one tertiary amino group; 
 (b) a polyalkene-substituted amine having at least one tertiary amino group; 
 (c) a Mannich reaction product having at least one tertiary amino group, wherein the Mannich reaction product is derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, an aldehyde, and an amine; 
 (d) a compound containing at least one amide group and at least one tertiary amine functionality; 
 (e) a compound containing at least one ester group and at least one tertiary amino group; or 
 (f) any combination thereof. 
 
     
     
         13 . The use of  claim 11  wherein component (ii), the quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group of compound (i) to a quaternary nitrogen, comprises:
 (a) dialkyl sulfates; 
 (b) benzyl halides; 
 (c) hydrocarbyl substituted carbonates; 
 (d) hydrocarbyl epoxides; 
 (e) esters of carboxylic acids and/or polycarboxylic acids; 
 (f) any combination thereof; 
 wherein the quaternizing agent may optionally be used in combination with an acid.