Three-Dimensional Sheet Material and Absorbent Articles Including Such Material

Abstract

The present application discloses and claims a three-dimensional sheet material and an absorbent article which utilizes the sheet material within the article. The three-dimensional sheet material is designed to minimize the contact area on one side of the material thereby making it useful for various applications including a body contacting top sheet or liner material.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A three-dimensional sheet material comprising a first layer of material having a top surface, a bottom surface and a thickness, said first layer of material defining a first plane, a second plane and a third plane located between said first plane and said second plane, with at least a portion of said top surface being located in or adjacent said first plane and at least a portion of said bottom surface being located in or adjacent said second plane, said first layer of material having a plurality of first depressions beginning in or adjacent one of said first, second or third planes and which depend toward and terminate in or adjacent another of said first, second or third planes, and a plurality of second depressions beginning in or adjacent one of said first, second or third planes and which depend toward and terminate in or adjacent another of said first, second or third planes which is different from the plane in which said first plurality of depressions terminate. 
     
     
         2 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein at least a portion of said plurality of first or second depressions define apertures therein. 
     
     
         3 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein at least a portion of said plurality of first or second depressions form liquid channels having a generally decreasing dimension as viewed in the direction from said first plane towards said second plane and which terminate in apertures to create liquid capillaries which permit liquid flow in the direction from said first plane towards said second plane. 
     
     
         4 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein at least a portion of said plurality of first depressions are uniformly spaced over at least a portion of said first layer of material. 
     
     
         5 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 4  wherein at least a portion of said plurality of second depressions are uniformly spaced over at least a portion of said first layer of material. 
     
     
         6 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein said first layer of material has a basis weight of between about 8 grams per square meter and about 200 grams per square meter. 
     
     
         7 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein said first layer of material has a thickness of between about 0.1 millimeters and about 4 millimeters. 
     
     
         8 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein said first layer of material has an overall thickness between said first plane and said second plane of between about 0.3 millimeters and about 15 millimeters. 
     
     
         9 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein said first layer of material has an upper thickness between said first plane and said third plane of between about 0.05 millimeters and about 12 millimeters. 
     
     
         10 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein said first layer of material has a lower thickness between said third plane and said second plane of between about 0.25 millimeters and about 8 millimeters. 
     
     
         11 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein said first layer of material defines a total surface area and wherein said portion of said top surface of said first layer of material located in said first plane is between about 20 percent and about 70 percent of said total surface area of said first layer of material. 
     
     
         12 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein said first layer of material is a fibrous nonwoven web. 
     
     
         13 . The three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1  wherein the portion of said first layer of material located in said first plane is more hydrophobic than another portion of said first layer of material not located in said first plane. 
     
     
         14 . An absorbent article comprising a liquid pervious top sheet and a back sheet with an absorbent core located between said topsheet and said back sheet wherein said top sheet comprises the three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         15 . A personal care absorbent article which includes the three-dimensional sheet material of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         16 . The personal care absorbent article of  claim 15  wherein said article is a diaper. 
     
     
         17 . The personal care absorbent article of  claim 15  wherein said article is a feminine hygiene product. 
     
     
         18 . A three-dimensional sheet material comprising a first layer of material having a top surface, a bottom surface and a thickness, said first layer of material defining a first plane, a second plane and third plane located between said first plane and said second plane with at least a portion of said top surface being located in or adjacent said first plane and at least a portion of said bottom surface being located in or adjacent said second plane, said first layer of material having a plurality of first depressions depending from said first plane toward said second plane, at least a portion of said plurality of first depressions terminating in or adjacent said second plane, said first layer of material having a plurality of second depressions depending from said first plane toward said second plane, at least a portion of said plurality of second depressions terminating in or adjacent said third plane. 
     
     
         19 . A three-dimensional sheet material comprising a first layer of material having a top surface, a bottom surface and a thickness, said first layer of material defining a first plane, a second plane and third plane located between said first plane and said second plane with at least a portion of said top surface being located in or adjacent said first plane and at least a portion of said bottom surface being located in or adjacent said second plane, said first layer of material having a plurality of first depressions depending from said third plane toward said first plane, at least a portion of said plurality of first depressions terminating in or adjacent said first plane, said first layer of material having a plurality of second depressions depending from said third plane toward said second plane, at least a portion of said plurality of second depressions terminating in or adjacent said second plane. 
     
     
         20 . A three-dimensional sheet material comprising a first layer of material having a top surface, a bottom surface and a thickness, said first layer of material defining a first plane, a second plane and third plane located between said first plane and said second plane with at least a portion of said top surface being located in or adjacent said first plane and at least a portion of said bottom surface being located in or adjacent said second plane, said first layer of material having a plurality of first depressions depending from said third plane toward said first plane, at least a portion of said plurality of first depressions terminating in or adjacent said first plane, said first layer of material having a plurality of second depressions depending from said third plane toward said second plane, at least a portion of said plurality of second depressions terminating in or adjacent said second plane, wherein at least a portion of said plurality of said first or second depressions form liquid channels having a generally decreasing dimension as viewed in the direction from said first plane towards said second plane and which terminate in apertures to create liquid capillaries which permit liquid flow in the direction from said first plane towards said second plane, and wherein at least a portion of said first depressions are uniformly spaced over at least a portion of said first layer of material and wherein at least a portion of said plurality of second depressions are uniformly spaced over at least a portion of said first layer of material, wherein said first layer of material has an overall thickness between said first plane and said second plane of between about 0.3 millimeters and about 15 millimeters, wherein said first layer of material has an upper thickness between said first plane and said third plane of between about 0.05 millimeters and about 12 millimeters, wherein said first layer of material has a lower thickness between said third plane and said second plane of between about 0.25 millimeters and about 8 millimeters, and said first layer of material is a fibrous nonwoven web.