Optical Electro-Mechanical Hearing Devices with Separate Power and Signal Components

Abstract

A device to transmit an audio signal comprises at least one light source configured to transmit the audio signal with at least one wavelength of light. At least one detector is configured to detect the audio signal and generate at least one electrical signal in response to the at least one wavelength of light. A transducer is supported with and configured to vibrate at least one of an eardrum, an ossicle or a cochlea. Active circuitry is coupled to the transducer to drive the transducer in response to the at least one electrical signal, so as to provide the user with high quality sound.

1 . A device to transmit an audio signal, the device comprising:
 at least one light source configured to transmit the audio signal with at least one wavelength of light;   at least one detector configured to detect the audio signal and generate at least one electrical signal in response to the at least one wavelength of light;   a transducer supported with and configured to vibrate at least one of an eardrum, an ossicle or a cochlea; and   active circuitry coupled to the at least one detector and the transducer to drive the transducer in response to the electrical signal.   
     
     
         2 . The device of  claim 1  further comprising a power storage device coupled to the at least one detector and the active circuitry to power the active circuitry with energy from the at least one detector. 
     
     
         3 . The device of  claim 2  wherein the power storage device and the active circuitry are configured with at least one of a size or a mass for support with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea. 
     
     
         4 . The device of  claim 2  wherein the at least one light source and the at least one detector are configured to supply power to the power storage device and the active circuitry so as to drive the transducer with energy from the at least one light source. 
     
     
         5 . The device of  claim 2  wherein the power storage device comprises at least one of a capacitor or a miniature rechargeable battery. 
     
     
         6 . The device of  claim 1  wherein the photodetector comprises at least one of as crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, micromorphous silicon, black silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium, gallium selenide, or indium gallium arsenide. 
     
     
         7 . The device of  claim 1  wherein the transducer comprises at least one of a piezo electric transducer, a flex tensional transducer, a wire coil, a magnet or an acoustic speaker. 
     
     
         8 . The device of  claim 1  wherein the active circuitry comprises at least one of a transistor, an amplifier, a logic gate or a flip flop. 
     
     
         9 . The device of  claim 1  further comprising circuitry configured to receive the audio signal from an input transducer and wherein the circuitry is configured to transmit the audio signal with a pulse width modulated signal from the at least one light source to the at least one detector. 
     
     
         10 . The device of  claim 9  wherein the pulse width modulated signal comprises at least one of a delta PWM signal, a differential drive PWM signal, a delta-sigma PWM signal or a differential delta-sigma PWM signal. 
     
     
         11 . The device of  claim 1  further comprising circuitry coupled to an input configured to receive the audio signal, the circuitry coupled to the at least one light source, the circuitry configured to adjust an output of the at least one light source to power the active circuitry in response to the audio signal. 
     
     
         12 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the circuitry is configured measure the audio signal to determine energy of the audio signal and to adjust an amount of energy transmitted with the at least one light source in response to the power of the audio signal. 
     
     
         13 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the circuitry is configured to adjust at least one of a DC bias or an amplitude of pulses of the at least one light source in response to the audio signal to power the active circuitry. 
     
     
         14 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the at least one light source comprises a first light source configured to transmit the audio signal and a second light source configured to transmit power and wherein the circuitry is configured to adjust and amount of power transmitted with the second light source in response to the audio signal. 
     
     
         15 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the circuitry comprises a sound processor configured to measure the audio signal and to adjust the output of the at least one light source to power the active circuitry in response to the audio signal. 
     
     
         16 . A system to transmit an audio signal, the system comprising:
 an input transducer assembly comprising at least one light source configured to emit at least one wavelength of light; and   an output transducer assembly comprising,   at least one detector configured to detect the at least one wavelength of light,   active circuitry coupled to the at least one detector; a transducer electrically coupled to the active circuitry, the transducer configured to vibrate at least one of an eardrum, an ossicle, or a cochlea of the user in response to the at least one wavelength of light.   
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 16  wherein the output transducer assembly is supported with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 17  wherein the output transducer assembly comprises a power storage device supported with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle and wherein the power storage device is configured with at least one of a size or a mass to vibrate with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 17  wherein the active circuitry is coupled to the detector and the transducer to drive the transducer in response to the at least one wavelength of light and wherein the active circuitry is configured with at least one of a size or a mass to vibrate with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 16  wherein the input transducer is configured to transmit the at least one wavelength of light as a pulse width modulated signal and wherein the output transducer assembly is configured to vibrate the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea in response to the pulse width modulated signal. 
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 16  wherein the at least one wavelength of light comprises a first wavelength of light and a second wavelength of light and the at least one light source comprises a first light source configured to emit the first wavelength and a second light source configured to emit the second wavelength of light and wherein the at least one detector comprises a first detector configured to move the transducer with a first movement in response to a first at least one wavelength of light and a second detector configured to move the transducer with a second movement the first movement in response to the second at least one wavelength, the second movement opposite the first movement. 
     
     
         22 . The system of  claim 16  wherein the at least one wavelength of light comprises at least one of an ultraviolet light, a visible light or an infrared light. 
     
     
         23 . A method of transmitting an audio signal, the method comprising:
 emitting at least one wavelength of light from at least one light source;   detecting the at least one wavelength of light to generate an electrical signal;   and vibrating at least one of an eardrum, an ossicle, or a cochlea of the user in response to the electrical signal.   
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the output transducer assembly is supported with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 24  wherein the output transducer assembly comprises a power storage device supported with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea and wherein the power storage device vibrates when the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea is vibrated. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 24  wherein the output transducer assembly comprises active circuitry supported with the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea and wherein the active circuitry is coupled to the detector and the transducer to drive the transducer in response to the at least one wavelength of light and wherein the active circuitry vibrates when the at least one of the eardrum, the ossicle or the cochlea vibrates. 
     
     
         27 . A device to stimulate a target tissue, the device comprising:
 at least one light source configured to transmit a pulse width modulated light signal comprising at least one wavelength of light;   at least one detector coupled to the target tissue to stimulate the target tissue in response to the modulated light signal.   
     
     
         28 . The device of  claim 27  wherein an implantable detector is configured to stimulate the tissue with at least one of a vibration or a current and wherein the detector is coupled to at least one of a transducer or at least two electrodes. 
     
     
         29 . The device of  claim 28  wherein the detector is configured to stimulate the tissue with the current and wherein the detector is coupled to the at least two electrodes. 
     
     
         30 . The device of  claim 28  wherein the target tissue comprises a cochlea of the user and wherein the modulated light signal comprises an audio signal. 
     
     
         31 . A method of stimulating a target tissue, the method comprising:
 emitting a pulse width modulated light signal comprising at least one wavelength of light from at least one light source; and   stimulating the target tissue in response to the modulated light signal.   
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 31  wherein the target tissue is stimulated with at least one of a vibration or a current. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the target tissue is stimulated with the current and wherein an implantable detector is coupled to at least two electrodes and stimulates the tissue in response to the modulated signal comprising the at least one wavelength of light. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the target tissue comprises a cochlea of the user and wherein the modulated light signal comprises an audio signal. 
     
     
         35 . A device to transmit an audio signal comprising sound to a user, the device comprising:
 means for transmitting the audio signal; and   means for detecting the audio signal such that the user hears the sound.