Methods of Treating Metal Surfaces and Devices Formed Thereby

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to methods of treating metal surfaces to enhance adhesion or binding to substrates, and devices formed thereby. In some embodiments of the present invention, methods of achieving improved bonding strength without roughening the topography of a metal surface are provided. The metal surface obtained by this method provides strong bonding to resin layers. The bonding interface between the treated metal and the resin layer exhibits resistance to heat, moisture, and chemicals involved in post-lamination process steps, and therefore can suitably be used in the production of PCB's. Methods according to some embodiments of the present invention are especially useful in the fabrication of high density multilayer PCB's, in particular for PCB's having circuits with line/spacing of equal to and less than 10 microns. Methods according to other embodiments of the present invention are particularly useful in the coating of metal surfaces in a wide variety of applications.

1 - 14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . A method of treating a metal surface to promote adhesion between the metal surface and an organic material, comprising the steps of:
 oxidizing the metal surface to form a metal oxide layer on the metal surface; and   terminating growth of the metal oxide layer by a self limiting reaction between the metal oxide layer and a surface modifier compound.   
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the surface modifier compound is selected from compounds that react with metal oxide surfaces to control the reaction rate as the metal oxide is forming. 
     
     
         17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the metal oxide layer has a thickness of about 200 nanometers and less. 
     
     
         19 - 21 . (canceled) 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the metal oxide layer is comprised of copper oxide. 
     
     
         23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the metal layer is oxidized with an oxidant selected from any one of more of: sodium chlorite, hydrogen peroxide, permaganate, perchlorate, persulphate, ozone, or mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of room temperature to about 80° C. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the self limiting reaction becomes stable after about 2 to 15 minutes. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the steps of oxidizing and terminating oxidation further comprises exposing the metal surface to a solution comprising an oxidant and surface modifier compound. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27  wherein the surface modifier compound is in the oxidant solution. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 15  further comprising the step of:
 contacting the metal surface with one or more organic molecules comprising a thermally stable base bearing one or more binding groups configured to bind the metal surface and one or more attachment groups configured to attach to the organic material. 
 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 29  wherein the one or more organic molecules is a surface active moiety. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 29  wherein the one or more organic molecules is selected from the group of: a porphyrin, a porphyrinic macrocycle, an expanded porphyrin, a contracted porphyrin, a linear porphyrin polymer, a porphyrinic sandwich coordination complex, or a porphyrin array. 
     
     
         32 . (canceled) 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 30  wherein said surface active moiety is a porphyrin. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 29  wherein the one or more attachment group is comprised of an aryl functional group and/or an alkyl attachment group. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34  wherein the aryl functional group is comprised of a functional group selected from any one or more of: acetate, alkylamino, allyl, amine, amino, bromo, bromomethyl, carbonyl, carboxylate, carboxylic acid, dihydroxyphosphoryl, epoxide, ester, ether, ethynyl, formyl, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, iodo, mercapto, mercaptomethyl, Se-acetylseleno, Se-acetylselenomethyl, S-acetylthio, S-acetylthiomethyl, selenyl, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl, vinyl, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 34  wherein the alkyl attachment group comprises a functional group selected from any one or more of: acetate, alkylamino, allyl, amine, amino, bromo, bromomethyl, carbonyl, carboxylate, carboxylic acid, dihydroxyphosphoryl, epoxide, ester, ether, ethynyl, formyl, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, iodo, mercapto, mercaptomethyl, Se-acetylseleno, Se-acetylselenomethyl, S-acetylthio, S-acetylthiomethyl, selenyl, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl, vinyl, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         37 - 38 . (canceled) 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the organic material is an organic substrate comprised of any one of more of: electronic substrates, PCB substrates, semiconductor substrates, photovoltaic substrates, polymers, ceramics, carbon, epoxy, glass reinforced epoxy, phenol, polyimide resines, glass reinforced polyimide, cyanate, esters, Teflon, plastics and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         40 - 100 . (canceled)