Method and apparatus for achieving a high efficiency in an open gas-turbine (combi) process

Abstract

Method and apparatus for achieving high efficiency in an open gas-turbine process, in which a supercharger compresses air, which is burned together with a fuel in a first combustion chamber, which is followed by a first turbine, a second combustion chamber, a second turbine, and a preheating heat exchanger, in which primary bleed water vapor coming from the secondary process, or a mixture of the aforementioned water vapor and air coming from the supercharger are preheated. From the heat exchanger the combustion gases go to a waste-heat boiler, in which the secondary-process feed water is vaporized. The combustion gases are expanded in the second turbine to a pressure 0.5 bar lower than that of the surrounding atmospheric pressure. The remaining combustion gases are compressed by a combustion-gas supercharger to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. After the low-pressure turbine the water vapor is condensed in a condenser into water, which is compressed by a pump to a maximum pressure and is preheated and vaporized in the waste-heat boiler. After the waste-heat boiler the water vapor goes to a combined high/medium-pressure turbine, from which a secondary-process primary bleed is taken, which is injected into the gas-turbine process after the preheating heat exchange after the supercharger and/or at the latest to the start of the blades of the first turbine.

1 . Method for achieving a high efficiency in an open gas-turbine (combi) process, in which a supercharger compresses the air required for combustion, which is burned with a fuel in a first combustion chamber, which is followed by a first turbine, a second combustion chamber, a second turbine, a preheating heat exchanger, and a waste-heat boiler, in which secondary-process feed water is vaporized, comprising the steps of:
 expanding the combustion gases after the second combustion chamber in the second turbine to the end of the expansion stage, to the minimum pressure of the expansion of the primary process, and to a pressure in the primary process of at least 0.5 bar less than the surrounding atmospheric pressure;   condensing and removing water vapor arising in combustion and other water vapor from the negative-pressure combustion gases at the latest after the precooler following the waste-heat boiler;   pressurizing the whole final part of the combustion gases containing the nitrogen of the air and carbon dioxide arising in combustion by the combustion-gas supercharger into the surrounding atmosphere and out of the gas-turbine process;   condensing the water vapor arising in combustion in the primary process, into a liquid at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure;   taking primary bleed water vapor from the secondary-process turbine and feeding it after the preheating heat exchanger into the gas-turbine process circulation after the supercharger; and   bringing an amount of additional water at the same pressure level, corresponding to the secondary-process primary bleed, to the secondary process before the pump.   
     
     
         2 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the primary bleed water vapor coming from the secondary process is heated in the preheating heat exchanger. 
     
     
         3 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the preheating heat exchanger is formed by the waste-heat boiler. 
     
     
         4 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the second turbine is formed by two consecutive turbines. 
     
     
         5 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein in the secondary process, the water vapor is condensed into liquid in a condenser and is compressed by a pump to a maximum pressure and goes after that to the waste-heat boiler and expands in a high/medium-pressure steam turbine and is intermediately reheated in a heat exchanger and expands in a low-pressure steam turbine before the condenser. 
     
     
         6 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the precooling of the combustion gases going to the combustion-gas supercharger takes place by water injected into the waste-heat boiler or precooler. 
     
     
         7 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the gas-turbine process combustion-gas supercharger is formed of parallel superchargers and/or turbines. 
     
     
         8 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein natural gas or gasified coal is preheated in a first and second fuel preheating heat exchanger. 
     
     
         9 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein additional oxygen or air is fed to the desired point in the gas-turbine process from a supercharger bleed or an oxygen-manufacturing process. 
     
     
         10 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the method is used in a district-heating/back-pressure plant in such a way that the district-heating water is heated as desired by combustion gases coming from the waste-heat boiler, together with condensing heat and/or waste heat leaving the heat exchanger. 
     
     
         11 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchangers are connected to each other to form the waste-heat boiler. 
     
     
         12 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the secondary process is a so-called dual-pressure process, in which water at a lower pressure is preheated and at least partly vaporized in the waste-heat boiler, after which it is combined with the steam circulation coming from the turbine before or after the heat exchanger. 
     
     
         13 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein reheating of the water vapor of the secondary process takes place in either of the waste-heat boilers, or by the waste heat of the combustion-gas supercharger in the heat exchanger at the desired pressure. 
     
     
         14 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the supercharger is formed of two superchargers with possible intermediate cooling. 
     
     
         15 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the bleed coming from the secondary process is fed to the combustion chamber. 
     
     
         16 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the water vapor arising in combustion is removed from the process before or after the precooler. 
     
     
         17 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the additional air or additional oxygen to be fed to the second combustion chamber is taken from a supercharger bleed or an oxygen-manufacturing process. 
     
     
         18 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the preheating of the secondary process primary or secondary bleed takes place in the waste-heat boiler. 
     
     
         19 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cooling of the second turbine takes place by bleed taken from the supercharger so that the temperature of the mass flow used for cooling the second turbine can be altered. 
     
     
         20 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein, after the waste-heat boiler in the secondary circulation, part of the mass flow in the water-vapor circulation is separated and combined after a decompression valve with water vapor coming from the turbine. 
     
     
         21 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the primary bleed of the secondary circulation is 0-100% of the mass flow going to the steam turbine. 
     
     
         22 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein the district-heating water is first heated in the heat exchanger, including the utilization of the condensation heat of the water vapor arising in combustion, after which it goes to the heat exchanger, which is the secondary-circulation condenser. 
     
     
         23 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein unburned oxygen also goes to the primary-process combustion-gas supercharger.