Surface element for friction increase as well as objects provided with said surface element

Abstract

A surface element ( 1 ) for friction increase comprises a lying portion ( 2 ) defining a reference surface, and engagement means ( 3 ) that can be extended and/or recessed relative to the reference surface and is suitable for interfacing with corresponding engagement means of a faced surface element for friction increase; the surface element further comprises a predetermined number of clusters ( 4 ) of the engagement means defined by respective confining edges ( 4 a ) and distributed on the lying portion, and in each of these clusters the engagement means is disposed along directrices ( 4 b ) having at least one predetermined curvature ( 4 c ) and one corresponding centre of curvature, centres of curvature of directrices belonging to clusters separated from each other not being coincident.

1 - 11 . (canceled) 
     
     
         12 . A surface element for friction increase associable with at least one surface of an object, said object being adapted to be moved close to and brought into contact with at least another surface of another object, said surface element ( 1 ) comprising:
 a lying portion ( 2 ) bounded by a predetermined number of perimetral edges ( 2   a ) sequentially connected to each other and defining a reference surface ( 2   b ); and   engagement means ( 3 ) that can be extended and/or recessed relative to said reference surface ( 2   b ) and which are suitable for interfacing with corresponding engagement means of a surface element for friction increase,   
       characterised in that it further comprises a predetermined number of clusters ( 4 ) of said engagement means, said clusters being defined by respective confining edges ( 4   a ) and being distributed on the lying portion ( 2 ), 
       and characterised in that in each of said clusters ( 4 ) the engagement means ( 3 ) are disposed along directrices ( 4   b ) having at least a predetermined curvature and a corresponding centre of curvature, centres of curvature ( 4   c ) of directrices ( 4   b ) belonging to clusters ( 4 ) separated from each other not being coincident therebetween. 
     
     
         13 . An element as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein directrices ( 4   b ) belonging to a single cluster ( 4 ) have a mutually parallel and/or concentric course. 
     
     
         14 . An element as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the directrices ( 4   b ) comprise segments of a circle and/or segments of an ellipse and/or segments of conics. 
     
     
         15 . An element as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the directrices ( 4   b ) comprise segments of lines having at least one flex and/or an undulated course. 
     
     
         16 . An element as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the directrices ( 4   b ) of a single cluster ( 4 ) respectively define concave half-spaces and convex half-spaces on the reference surface ( 2   b ), said concave and convex half-spaces being divided by the directrices ( 4   b ) themselves. 
     
     
         17 . An element as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein concave and convex half-spaces defined by directrices ( 4   b ) belonging to separated and distinct clusters ( 4 ) face the same perimetral edge ( 2   a ). 
     
     
         18 . An element as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein concave or convex half-spaces defined by directrices ( 4   b ) belonging to separated and distinct clusters ( 4 ) respectively face perimetral edges ( 2   a ) that are adjacent but not coincident. 
     
     
         19 . An element as claimed in  claim 16 , wherein concave or convex half-spaces defined by directrices ( 4   b ) belonging to separated and distinct clusters ( 4 ) face opposite perimetral edges ( 2   a ). 
     
     
         20 . An element as claimed in  claim 12 , wherein the engagement means ( 3 ) comprises a plurality of punctiform protrusions having a globular or pyramidal or prismatic conformation or being in the form of a truncated pyramid. 
     
     
         21 . A reusable and/or returnable package comprising a predetermined number of confining faces adapted to define a holding volume, characterised in that at least one of said confining faces comprises a surface element for friction increase ( 1 ) as claimed in  claim 12 . 
     
     
         22 . Multiple packing of objects, said objects being packages of the reusable and/or returnable type, comprising:
 a predetermined number of objects disposed in a mutual side-by-side-arrangement or mutual piling-up condition along a horizontal or vertical extension axis;   a predetermined number of abutment faces belonging to at least two of said objects placed adjacent to each other and in a condition of mutual contact; and   friction increasing means acting at least between said pairs of abutment faces,   
       characterised in that said friction increasing means comprises one or two of said surface elements for friction increase ( 1 ) as claimed in  claim 12 , said surface elements for friction increase ( 1 ) being associated with at least one of said abutment faces, said surface element/s for friction increase ( 1 ) being integrally obtained in said at least one of the abutment faces or being an autonomous body externally associated with one or each of the abutment faces.