Gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device

Abstract

The device herein described includes: a feeder for feeding wet crushed coal from an upper feed nozzle ( 1 ) into two branches ( 1 a and 1 b ) provided with suitable mills; an element for mixing/distributing screened coal ( 2 ), located downstream of the nozzle ( 1 ); a gasification chamber ( 3 ) located downstream of the aforementioned element ( 2 ) where the screened material is oxidised by means of the supply of oxygen at approximately 1,800° C.-1,900° C., said chamber ( 3 ) being divided into two sub-chambers by a gas diffusion membrane; a cyclone separator ( 4 ) located downstream of the chamber ( 3 ), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas; an essentially pyrolytic chamber ( 5 ) where the solids carried from the cyclone separator ( 4 ) are pyrolysed, the residual gases being fed back into the chamber ( 3 ); and a sawtooth screen ( 6 ) which collects the solid waste, storing same as slag in a storage element ( 7 ).

1 . Coal gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device, characterised in that it incorporates the following items:
 A feeder which feeds wet milled coal from an upper feeding nozzle ( 1 ) split into two branches ( 1   a ) and ( 1   b ), which includes a jaw crusher and ball mill inside one of the said branches, and a ball mill inside the other branch, to mill the initial coal material;   A screened coal mixing/distribution item ( 2 ) located downstream of the feeding and milling nozzles ( 1 ), wherein the screened coal falls inside said mixing/distribution item ( 2 ) both as a result of the steam fed as dragging gas and to the weight of the dust itself, and such circulation of gas fosters the flow of coal particles, minimising their deposition at the walls of the mixing/distribution item ( 2 );   A chamber ( 3 ), essentially intended for gasification purposes, located downstream of the item ( 2 ) where the wet screened material is partially oxidised through an additional supply of oxygen, at a temperature of approximately 1,800° C.-1,900° C., the interior of the chamber ( 3 ) being provided with a refractory cladding, to maintain the inner temperature, as well as an insulating cladding on the outer part, to minimise heat losses caused by radiation to the exterior surface of the walls; the chamber ( 3 ) is divided into two sub-chambers ( 3   a ,  3   b ) by means of a gas diffusion membrane which allows to separate H 2 - and carbon-based gases (CO 2 , CO) obtained as a mixture of synthesis gas;   a cyclone separator ( 4 ) located downstream of the chamber ( 3 ), which retains the solid particles present in the synthesis gas, which operates at a temperature of 600° C. which is maintained by the gas inside the unit;   an essentially pyrolytic chamber ( 5 ) where the solids carried from the cyclone separator ( 4 ) are pyrolysed, the free carbon, H 2 S and part of CO 2  being essentially eliminated, and the residual gases being fed back into the chamber ( 3 );   a sawtooth screen ( 6 ) which collects the solid waste obtained from the simultaneous gasification and pyrolysis processes, and which is subsequently stored as slag and ashes in an storage element for their subsequent reuse.   
     
     
         2 . A coal gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device according to  claim 1 , characterised in that 90 mesh ( 1   a ) y 490 mesh ( 1   b ) screens are arranged inside each one of the branches ( 1   a ,  1   b ), respectively, of the feeding nozzle ( 1 ), for the screening of the coal. 
     
     
         3 . A coal gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device according to  claim 1 , characterised in that it allows the recirculation of the hydrogen present at the chamber ( 3 ) from the reactor to the outside, so that it may be used for other chemical processing operations or to be directly used as fuel. 
     
     
         4 . A coal gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device according to  claim 1 , characterised in that the operating temperature of the item ( 2 ) falls within the 220-250° C. range, the relevant temperature of the chamber ( 3 ) is maintained at 1,800° C.-1,900° C. the temperature of the cyclone separator ( 4 ) is 600° C. 
     
     
         5 . A coal gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device according to  claim 1 , characterised in that the refractory material of chambers ( 3 ) and ( 5 ) is based on an alumina, silica and calcareous fibre cement, preferably of the Superboard® type, maintaining the insulation, with dimensional stability, up to 3,500° C. 
     
     
         6 . A coal gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device according to  claim 1 , characterised in that its walls also include a coil for the regulation of the heat flow. 
     
     
         7 . A coal gasification-pyrolysis dual reactor device according to  claim 1 , characterised in that it allows the recirculation of the intermediate residual gases obtained from one chamber to another, so that the flow or dragged flow regime allows the continuous feeding of coal, and to easily extract the slag from all the chambers.