Expandable spinal rods and methods of use

Abstract

A spinal rod having first and second end members. The end members may be flexible or rigid. An expandable intermediate section is positioned between the first and second end members. The intermediate section may be axially expandable upon the introduction of a substance into a port that may be located in either of the first and second end members or the intermediate section. The intermediate section may be expandable between a first size, where the first and second end members are spaced a first distance apart, and a second enlarged size, where the first and second end members are spaced a second greater distance apart.

1 - 49 . (canceled) 
     
     
         50 . A spinal rod system comprising:
 first and second anchors having a transverse member for receiving a first end member and a second end member, the first end member having an axial end portion seated into the first anchor such that the first end member is prevented from moving beyond the first anchor;   the second end member having an axial end portion seated into the second anchor such that the second end member is prevented from moving beyond the second anchor; and   an intermediate section connected to the first and second end members; and   a port operatively connected to the intermediate section;   the intermediate section being axially expandable upon the introduction of a substance into the port, the intermediate section being rigid before the introduction of the substance into the port, the intermediate section being expandable between a first size to space the first and second end members a first distance apart and a second enlarged size to space the first and second end members a second greater distance apart.   
     
     
         51 . The spinal rod system of  claim 50 , wherein the intermediate section is configured to apply a distraction force to vertebral members after the axial end portion of the first end member is fixed into the first anchor and the axial end portion of the second end member is fixed into the second anchor upon introduction of the substance into the port. 
     
     
         52 . The spinal rod system of  claim 50 , wherein the first end member engages the first anchor and the second end member engages the second anchor such that the first and second anchors are disposed to penetrate bone in a transverse orientation in relation to the first and second end members. 
     
     
         53 . The spinal rod system of  claim 50 , wherein the intermediate section is rigid after the introduction of the substance into the port. 
     
     
         54 . The spinal rod system of  claim 50 , wherein the intermediate section is flexible after the introduction of the substance into the port. 
     
     
         55 . The spinal rod system of  claim 50 , wherein the port is axially disposed in one of the end members. 
     
     
         56 . The spinal rod of  claim 50 , wherein the port is radially disposed in one of the end members. 
     
     
         57 . The spinal rod of  claim 50 , wherein the port is disposed in the intermediate section. 
     
     
         58 . The spinal rod of  claim 50  wherein each of the first and second end members have a width that is substantially equal to that of the intermediate section when the intermediate section is expanded to the second enlarged size. 
     
     
         59 . The spinal rod of  claim 50  wherein the intermediate section comprises multiple concentric columns having widths that permit the columns to collapse within one another when the intermediate section is at the first size, the concentric columns extending axially relative to one another when the intermediate section is expanded to the second enlarged size. 
     
     
         60 . The spinal rod of  claim 50  further comprising a third member and a second intermediate section, the third member having a clamping portion to be operatively connected with a vertebral member, and the third member positioned between the intermediate section and the second intermediate section. 
     
     
         61 . The spinal rod of  claim 50  wherein the intermediate section is a chamber disposed in at least one of the two end members. 
     
     
         62 . The spinal rod of  claim 50  wherein the first end member has a perforated protrusion extending inwardly. 
     
     
         63 . The spinal rod of  claim 62  wherein the second end member has a perforated protrusion extending inwardly. 
     
     
         64 . A spinal rod system comprising:
 first and second anchors having a transverse member for receiving a first end member and a second end member, the first end member having an axial end portion seated into the first anchor such that the first end member is prevented from moving beyond the first anchor, the first end member having a perforated protrusion extending inward;   the second end member having an axial end portion seated into the second anchor such that the second end member is prevented from moving beyond the second anchor, the second end member having a perforated protrusion extending inward; and   an intermediate section connected to the first and second end members; and a port operatively connected to the intermediate section;   the intermediate section being axially expandable upon the introduction of a substance into the port, the intermediate section being rigid before the introduction of the substance into the port, the intermediate section being expandable between a first size to space the first and second end members a first distance apart and a second enlarged size to space the first and second end members a second greater distance apart,   wherein the intermediate section is configured to apply a distraction force to vertebral members after the axial end portion of the first end member is fixed into the first anchor and the axial end portion of the second end member is fixed into the second anchor upon introduction of the substance into the port,   wherein the first end member engages the first anchor and the second end member engages the second anchor such that the first and second anchors are disposed to penetrate bone in a transverse orientation in relation to the first and second end members.   
     
     
         65 . A spinal rod system comprising:
 first and second anchors having transverse members for receiving a first coupling member and a second coupling member, the first coupling member having an axial end portion seated into the first anchor such that the first coupling member is prevented from moving beyond the first anchor;   the second coupling member having an axial end portion seated into the second anchor such that the second coupling member is prevented from moving beyond the second anchor;   an axial member operatively connected to and extending between the first and second coupling members;   an interior section formed by the axial member, the interior section being constructed to contain a substance introduced into the interior section, the axial member constructed to become elongated upon introduction of the substance into the interior section; and   a port operatively connected with the interior section for introducing the substance, the port being disposed in the axial member,   wherein the axial member is configured to apply a distraction force to vertebral members after the axial end portion of the first coupling member is fixed into the first anchor and the axial end portion of the second coupling member is fixed into the second anchor,   wherein the first coupling member engages the first anchor and the second coupling member engages the second anchor such that the first and second anchors are disposed to penetrate bone in a transverse orientation in relation to the first and second coupling members.   
     
     
         66 . The spinal rod of  claim 65  wherein the first coupling member comprises an anchor feature extending into the interior section from the first surface. 
     
     
         67 . The spinal rod of  claim 66  wherein the anchor feature comprises a perforated protrusion. 
     
     
         68 . The spinal rod of  claim 66  wherein the anchor feature comprises an enlarged head portion. 
     
     
         69 . The spinal rod of  claim 65  further comprising a third coupling member and a second axial member, the third having a clamping portion to be operatively connected with a vertebral member, and the third member positioned between the intermediate section and the second intermediate section.