Zero emission power plant with co2 waste utilization

Abstract

A clean energy system, a renewable energy system or a zero emission energy system (ZEES) to utilize CO 2 waste. The energy system may include a fuel processor, an energy catalytic reactor, and a power generator. The fuel processor may catalytically convert the CH 4 component in the natural gas, biogas or syngas into a reformate including H 2 , CO, CO 2 and H 2 O species. The energy reactor may convert the reformate in gas form into a liquid fuel. The power generator may generate power using an output of the fuel processor and/or an output of the energy reactor.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A clean energy system, comprising:
 a fuel processor receiving a natural gas, biogas or syngas and catalytically converting a CH 4  component in the natural gas, biogas or syngas into a reformate including H 2 , CO, CO 2  and H 2 O species,   an energy reactor converting the reformate in gas form into a liquid fuel, and   a power generator generating power using an output of the fuel processor or an output of the energy reactor,   wherein the system is a zero emission power plant qualified for installation near energy source, market place, and with product shippable for off-site consumption.   
     
     
         2 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel processor comprises a partial oxidation reformer, an autothermal reformer or a steam methane reformer. 
     
     
         3 . The energy system of  claim 2 , wherein the reformate is processed with a water shift process to have different percentages of CO vs. CO 2  that range between about 0% and about 20%. 
     
     
         4 . The energy system of  claim 2 , wherein the reformate is processed according to a pressure swing adsorption process to form a relatively pure H 2  steam and a highly concentrated carbon stream, which includes at least the CO and CO 2 . 
     
     
         5 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the CO 2  is processed according to a water shift process to a maximum level of about 20%, and is processed through a pressure swing adsorption process to form a concentrated CO 2  stream. 
     
     
         6 . The energy system of  claim 1 , further comprising
 a condenser disposed between the fuel processor and the energy reactor for extracting water from the reformate, and   a first heat exchanger disposed between the condenser and the fuel processor for exchanging heat with the reformate.   
     
     
         7 . The energy system of  claim 6 , further comprising
 a first compressor disposed between the condenser and the energy reactor to compress the reformate output of the condenser,   a second energy reactor disposed between the energy reactor and the power generator for further processing the reformate into a liquid fuel,   a second heat exchanger disposed between the energy reactor and the second energy reactor for controlling the temperature of the reformate,   a second compressor disposed between the second heat exchanger and the second energy reactor for compressing the reformate output from the second heat exchanger,   a storage tank for storing the liquid fuel, and   a third heat exchanger disposed between the second energy reactor and the storage tank.   
     
     
         8 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel processor comprises
 a plurality of thermally conducting plates, and   a plurality of catalyst plates,   wherein the thermally conducting plates are alternately stacked together with the catalyst plates to for a stack.   
     
     
         9 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the energy reactor comprises
 a housing defining a chamber that has an inlet and an outlet, and   a bundle element mounted within the chamber having a conduit that extends between the inlet and the outlet and a flow confining structure disposed about the conduit.   
     
     
         10 . The energy system of  claim 1 , further comprising a renewable feedstock processor coupled to an input of the fuel processor. 
     
     
         11 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein H 2 , CO and CO 2  is further processed in the energy reactor into methanol (CH3OH) in liquid form with methanol synthesis catalyst, and the methanol is further proceed in the energy reactor into DME (CH3OCH3) in liquid form with suitable catalyst. 
     
     
         12 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein a mixture of H 2 , CO 2  and CO derived from renewable feedstock is carried out for producing methanol, ethanol, propanol jetfuel, propane, diesel or heavy liquid fuel production due to high concentration of CO, CO 2  in the syngas. 
     
     
         13 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the reactor utilizes chemical-catalysts or bio-catalysts. 
     
     
         14 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the reactor is chemical-catalyst bed in one of the configurations as a fixed bed, structured bed, slurry bed and microchannel with integrated heat exchanger, wherein the microchannel reactor is of a cylindrical configuration. 
     
     
         15 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the reactor employs single functional catalysts, bifunctional catalysts or multi-functional catalysts to achieve improved performances. 
     
     
         16 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the reformer is a Hybrid Reforming System involving electric energy input obtained from the PV, wind and tidal wave to meet the energy demands for the reformer's endothermic thermal input and the reformate compression process. 
     
     
         17 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the system is a Hybrid System involving electric energy input obtained from the PV, wind and tidal wave to support the energy demands for the system, as well as provide remedy for the intermittency of these power sources with storage capability in the form of liquid fuel of the production. 
     
     
         18 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the system is applied to use renewable feedstock that includes municipal solid waste, municipal sewage, farm animal waste, biomass and woody biomass with a feedstock processor. 
     
     
         19 . The energy system of  claim 1 , wherein the system is a zero emission energy system when carbon containing stream with matched amount of H 2  is used for liquid fuel production and H 2  alone is used for power generation. 
     
     
         20 . The energy system of  claim 19 , wherein when applied to use renewable feedstock constitutes negative CO 2  footprints thus gaining double carbon credits. 
     
     
         21 . A method for generating power, comprising:
 receiving natural gas, biogas or syngas and catalytically converting a CH 4  component in the natural gas, biogas or syngas into a reformate including H 2 , CO, CO 2  and H 2 O species;   converting the reformate in gas form into a liquid fuel;   storing the liquid fuel in a storage; and   generating power using hydrogen gas separated from the reformate or the liquid fuel stored in the storage.   
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the CO 2  separated from the reformate is injected into a wellhead to enhance oil recovery (EOR), simultaneously to achieve a state of zero emission power generation.