Materials for Battery Electrolytes and Methods for Use

Abstract

Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within batteries, such as high stability during battery cycling up to high temperatures high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.

1 .- 9 . (canceled) 
     
     
         10 . An electrolyte solution comprising:
 a salt;   a solvent; and   a compound represented by the formula (I):   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20; 
           X is represented by the formula (II): 
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein for each X of the n number of X's, R a  is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 20  alkenyl groups, R b , is either not present or hydrogen, and R c  and R d  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 20  alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 20  alkenyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 20  alkynyl groups, and substituted and unsubstituted C 5 -C 20  aryl groups; and 
           R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 20  alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 20  alkenyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 20  alkynyl groups, and substituted and unsubstituted C 5 -C 20  aryl groups. 
         
       
     
     
         11 . The electrolyte solution of  claim 10  wherein R a  is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 6  alkenyl groups. 
     
     
         12 . The electrolyte solution of  claim 10  wherein R a  is a C 1  alkenyl group and R b  is not present. 
     
     
         13 . The electrolyte solution of  claim 10  wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted C 1 -C 6  alkyl groups. 
     
     
         14 . The electrolyte solution of  claim 10  wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted C 1  alkyl groups. 
     
     
         15 . The electrolyte solution of  claim 10  wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  are each C 1  alkyl groups. 
     
     
         16 . The electrolyte solution of  claim 10  wherein R c  and R d  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted and unsubstituted C 3 -C 6  alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted C 4 -C 12  alkynyl groups, and substituted and unsubstituted C 5 -C 12  aryl groups. 
     
     
         17 .- 20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . An electrolyte solution, comprising:
 a salt;   a solvent; and   a compound represented by the formula (I):   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20 and X is represented by the formula (II): 
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  are hydrogen, and R a , R b , R c , and R d  are hydrogen. 
         
       
     
     
         22 . A battery comprising:
 a cathode;   an anode; and   the electrolyte solution of  claim 10 .   
     
     
         23 . The battery of  claim 22 , wherein the n of X n  is 2. 
     
     
         24 . The battery of  claim 23 , wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material for a voltage operation of at least 4.1 V relative to a lithium metal anode. 
     
     
         25 . The battery of  claim 23 , wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material for a voltage operation of above 4.2 V relative to a lithium metal anode. 
     
     
         26 . The battery of  claim 23 , wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material for a voltage operation of not less than 4.3 V relative to a lithium metal anode. 
     
     
         27 . A battery comprising:
 a cathode;   an anode; and   the electrolyte solution of  claim 21 .   
     
     
         28 . The battery of  claim 27 , wherein the n of X n  is 2. 
     
     
         29 . The battery of  claim 28 , wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material for a voltage operation of at least 4.1 V relative to a lithium metal anode. 
     
     
         30 . The battery of  claim 28 , wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material for a voltage operation of above 4.2 V relative to a lithium metal anode. 
     
     
         31 . The battery of  claim 28 , wherein the cathode comprises an active cathode material for a voltage operation of not less than 4.3 V relative to a lithium metal anode. 
     
     
         32 . A method of using the battery of  claim 24  comprising charging a voltage not less than 4.1 V into the battery. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the voltage is above 4.2 V. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the voltage is not less than 4.3 V. 
     
     
         35 . A method of using the battery of  claim 29  comprising charging a voltage not less than 4.1 V into the battery. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35  wherein the voltage is above 4.2 V. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 35  wherein the voltage is not less than 4.3 V.