US2014114835A1PendingUtilityA1

Systems and methods for providing enhanced volume-weighted average price trading

Assignee: BGC PARTNERS INCPriority: Oct 17, 2003Filed: Dec 30, 2013Published: Apr 24, 2014
Est. expiryOct 17, 2023(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
G06Q 40/00G06Q 40/04
67
PatentIndex Score
0
Cited by
0
References
0
Claims

Abstract

Systems and methods for providing trading using an eVWAP price in an illiquid market are provided. In an illiquid market there may be little or no actual trades. During a trading period, the eVWAP price is therefore determined from not only trades, but also unmatched bids and offers. The eVWAP price is determined when new information becomes available or at a specified time interval. The final eVWAP price is determined when the sampling period ends. Once the final eVWAP price is determined, the value of the final eVWAP price is published for use as a price to settle a contract.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for providing trading of an item using an enhanced volume-weighted average price, the method comprising:
 using one or more programmed computers to determine a starting value for the enhanced volume-weighted average price for a sampling period;   using one or more programmed computers to determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price when new information becomes available, wherein the new information relates to at least one of a new unmatched bid, a new unmatched offer, and a new trade;   using one or more programmed computers to determine a final enhanced volume-weighted average price when the sampling period ends; and   using one or more programmed computers to publish the final enhanced volume-weighted average price for use as a price to settle a contract.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the enhanced volume-weighted average price is 
       
         
           
             
               
                 trade_flag 
                 * 
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   trade_price 
                                   t 
                                 
                                 * 
                                 
                                   trade_size 
                                   t 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 eVWAP 
                                 
                                   t 
                                   - 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               * 
                               total_trade 
                                
                               
                                 _size 
                                 
                                   t 
                                   - 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     
                       total_trade 
                        
                       
                         _size 
                         t 
                       
                     
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 bidoffer_flag 
                 * 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         eVWAP 
                         
                           t 
                           - 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         bid_flag 
                                         * 
                                         
                                           
                                             ( 
                                             
                                               
                                                 bid_size 
                                                 t 
                                                 
                                                   bid_size 
                                                    
                                                   _flag 
                                                 
                                               
                                               
                                                 total_trade 
                                                  
                                                 
                                                   _size 
                                                   
                                                     t 
                                                     - 
                                                     1 
                                                   
                                                 
                                               
                                             
                                             ) 
                                           
                                           
                                             trade_ratio 
                                              
                                             _flag 
                                           
                                         
                                         * 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         bid_size 
                                          
                                         
                                           _ratio 
                                           
                                             bid_ratio 
                                              
                                             _flag 
                                           
                                         
                                         * 
                                         
                                           ( 
                                           
                                             
                                               bid 
                                               t 
                                             
                                             - 
                                             
                                               eVWAP 
                                               
                                                 t 
                                                 - 
                                                 1 
                                               
                                             
                                           
                                           ) 
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       1 
                                       + 
                                       
                                         bid_scaling 
                                          
                                         _factor 
                                         * 
                                         
                                            
                                           
                                             
                                               bid 
                                               t 
                                             
                                             - 
                                             
                                               eVWAP 
                                               
                                                 t 
                                                 - 
                                                 1 
                                               
                                             
                                           
                                            
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                   bid_exponent 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       offer_flag 
                                       * 
                                       
                                         
                                           ( 
                                           
                                             
                                               offer_size 
                                               t 
                                               
                                                 
                                                   offer 
                                                    
                                                   _size 
                                                 
                                                  
                                                 _flag 
                                               
                                             
                                             
                                               total_trade 
                                                
                                               
                                                 _size 
                                                 
                                                   t 
                                                   - 
                                                   1 
                                                 
                                               
                                             
                                           
                                           ) 
                                         
                                         
                                           trade_ratio 
                                            
                                           _flag 
                                         
                                       
                                       * 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       offer_size 
                                        
                                       
                                         _ratio 
                                         
                                           offer_ratio 
                                            
                                           _flag 
                                         
                                       
                                       * 
                                       
                                         ( 
                                         
                                           
                                             offer 
                                             t 
                                           
                                           - 
                                           
                                             eVWAP 
                                             
                                               t 
                                               - 
                                               1 
                                             
                                           
                                         
                                         ) 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     1 
                                     + 
                                     
                                       offer_scaling 
                                        
                                       _factor 
                                       * 
                                       
                                          
                                         
                                           
                                             offer 
                                             t 
                                           
                                           - 
                                           
                                             eVWAP 
                                             
                                               t 
                                               - 
                                               1 
                                             
                                           
                                         
                                          
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 
                                   offer 
                                    
                                   _exponent 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   . 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the using one or more programmed computers to determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price comprises using one or more programmed computers to determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price when a specified time interval elapses. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the new information comprises a change in at least one of a price and a size of an existing unmatched bid or existing unmatched offer. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the new information relating to the new trade causes a greater change to the enhanced volume-weighted average price than the new unmatched bid or new unmatched offer. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the using one or more programmed computers to determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price further comprises using one or more programmed computers to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price towards a new unmatched bid price or a new unmatched offer price. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6  wherein the using one or more programmed computers to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price further comprises using one or more programmed computers to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price lower if the new unmatched bid price or the new unmatched offer price is lower than the enhanced volume-weighted average price. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 6  wherein the using one or more programmed computers to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price further comprises using one or more programmed computers to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price higher if the new unmatched bid price or the new unmatched offer price is higher than the enhanced volume-weighted average price. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the starting value for the enhanced volume-weighted average price is determined at least in part by a bid-offer spread. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the using one or more programmed computers to determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price is based at least in part on a total trade size and wherein the new unmatched bid or the new unmatched offer causes less of a change to the enhanced volume-weighted average price as the total trade size increases during the sampling period. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1  wherein a first new unmatched bid or offer causes a greater adjustment to the enhanced volume-weighted average price than a second new unmatched bid or offer that is further from the reference price than the first new unmatched bid or offer. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1  wherein at a beginning of the sampling period the only part of the new unmatched bid or new unmatched offer that is used in determining the enhanced volume-weighted average price is the price of the new unmatched bid or new unmatched offer. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the new unmatched bid or the new unmatched offer is only used in determining the enhanced volume-weighted average price when the new unmatched bid or the new unmatched offer is within a predetermined price range. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the using one or more programmed computers to publish the final enhanced volume-weighted average price comprises posting the final enhanced volume-weighted average price to a server. 
     
     
         15 . An apparatus having a server, the apparatus for providing trading of an item using an enhanced volume-weighted average price, the apparatus comprising:
 a server storage device;   a server processor connected to the server storage device, the server storage device storing a service program for controlling the server processor;   the server processor operative with the server program to:
 determine a starting value for the enhanced volume-weighted average price for a sampling period; 
 determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price when new information becomes available, wherein the new information relates to at least one of a new unmatched bid, a new unmatched offer, and a new trade; 
 determine a final enhanced volume-weighted average price when the sampling period ends; and 
 publish the final enhanced volume-weighted average price for use as a price to settle a contract. 
   
     
     
         16 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the enhanced volume-weighted average price is 
       
         
           
             
               
                 trade_flag 
                 * 
                 
                   ( 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   trade_price 
                                   t 
                                 
                                 * 
                                 
                                   trade_size 
                                   t 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 eVWAP 
                                 
                                   t 
                                   - 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                               * 
                               total_trade 
                                
                               
                                 _size 
                                 
                                   t 
                                   - 
                                   1 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     
                       total_trade 
                        
                       
                         _size 
                         t 
                       
                     
                   
                   ) 
                 
               
               + 
               
                 bidoffer_flag 
                 * 
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         eVWAP 
                         
                           t 
                           - 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         bid_flag 
                                         * 
                                         
                                           
                                             ( 
                                             
                                               
                                                 bid_size 
                                                 t 
                                                 
                                                   bid_size 
                                                    
                                                   _flag 
                                                 
                                               
                                               
                                                 total_trade 
                                                  
                                                 
                                                   _size 
                                                   
                                                     t 
                                                     - 
                                                     1 
                                                   
                                                 
                                               
                                             
                                             ) 
                                           
                                           
                                             trade_ratio 
                                              
                                             _flag 
                                           
                                         
                                         * 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   
                                     
                                       
                                         bid_size 
                                          
                                         
                                           _ratio 
                                           
                                             bid_ratio 
                                              
                                             _flag 
                                           
                                         
                                         * 
                                         
                                           ( 
                                           
                                             
                                               bid 
                                               t 
                                             
                                             - 
                                             
                                               eVWAP 
                                               
                                                 t 
                                                 - 
                                                 1 
                                               
                                             
                                           
                                           ) 
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     ( 
                                     
                                       1 
                                       + 
                                       
                                         bid_scaling 
                                          
                                         _factor 
                                         * 
                                         
                                            
                                           
                                             
                                               bid 
                                               t 
                                             
                                             - 
                                             
                                               eVWAP 
                                               
                                                 t 
                                                 - 
                                                 1 
                                               
                                             
                                           
                                            
                                         
                                       
                                     
                                     ) 
                                   
                                   bid_exponent 
                                 
                               
                               + 
                             
                           
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       offer_flag 
                                       * 
                                       
                                         
                                           ( 
                                           
                                             
                                               offer_size 
                                               t 
                                               
                                                 
                                                   offer 
                                                    
                                                   _size 
                                                 
                                                  
                                                 _flag 
                                               
                                             
                                             
                                               total_trade 
                                                
                                               
                                                 _size 
                                                 
                                                   t 
                                                   - 
                                                   1 
                                                 
                                               
                                             
                                           
                                           ) 
                                         
                                         
                                           trade_ratio 
                                            
                                           _flag 
                                         
                                       
                                       * 
                                     
                                   
                                 
                                 
                                   
                                     
                                       offer_size 
                                        
                                       
                                         _ratio 
                                         
                                           offer_ratio 
                                            
                                           _flag 
                                         
                                       
                                       * 
                                       
                                         ( 
                                         
                                           
                                             offer 
                                             t 
                                           
                                           - 
                                           
                                             eVWAP 
                                             
                                               t 
                                               - 
                                               1 
                                             
                                           
                                         
                                         ) 
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   ( 
                                   
                                     1 
                                     + 
                                     
                                       offer_scaling 
                                        
                                       _factor 
                                       * 
                                       
                                          
                                         
                                           
                                             offer 
                                             t 
                                           
                                           - 
                                           
                                             eVWAP 
                                             
                                               t 
                                               - 
                                               1 
                                             
                                           
                                         
                                          
                                       
                                     
                                   
                                   ) 
                                 
                                 
                                   offer 
                                    
                                   _exponent 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   . 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     
         17 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the server program is further configured to determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price when a specified time interval elapses. 
     
     
         18 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the new information comprises a change in at least one of a price and a size of an existing unmatched bid or existing unmatched offer. 
     
     
         19 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the new information relating to the new trade causes a greater change to the enhanced volume-weighted average price than the new unmatched bid or new unmatched offer. 
     
     
         20 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the server program is further configured to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price towards a new unmatched bid price or a new unmatched offer price. 
     
     
         21 . The apparatus of  claim 20  wherein the server program is further configured to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price lower if the new unmatched bid price or the new unmatched offer price is lower than the enhanced volume-weighted average price. 
     
     
         22 . The apparatus of  claim 20  wherein the server program is further configured to adjust the enhanced volume-weighted average price higher if the new unmatched bid price or the new unmatched offer price is higher than the enhanced volume-weighted average price. 
     
     
         23 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the starting value for the enhanced volume-weighted average price is determined at least in part by a bid-offer spread. 
     
     
         24 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the server program is further configured to determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price based at least in part on a total trade size and wherein the new unmatched bid or the new unmatched offer causes less of a change to the enhanced volume-weighted average price as the total trade size increases during the sampling period. 
     
     
         25 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein a first new unmatched bid or offer causes a greater adjustment to the enhanced volume-weighted average price than a second new unmatched bid or offer that is further from a reference price than the first new unmatched bid or offer. 
     
     
         26 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein at a beginning of the sampling period the only part of the new unmatched bid or new unmatched offer that is used in determining the enhanced volume-weighted average price is the price of the new unmatched bid or new unmatched offer. 
     
     
         27 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the new unmatched bid or the new unmatched offer is only used in determining the enhanced volume-weighted average price when the new unmatched bid or the new unmatched offer is within a predetermined price range. 
     
     
         28 . The apparatus of  claim 15  wherein the server program is further configured to post the final enhanced volume-weighted average price to a server. 
     
     
         29 . An apparatus having a server, the apparatus for providing trading of an item using an enhanced volume-weighted average price, wherein the server includes a server program configured to:
 determine a starting value for the enhanced volume-weighted average price for a sampling period;   determine the enhanced volume-weighted average price when new information becomes available, wherein the new information relates to at least one of a new unmatched bid, a new unmatched offer, and a new trade;   determine a final enhanced volume-weighted average price when the sampling period ends; and   publish the final enhanced volume-weighted average price for use as a price to settle a contract.

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