Selective Glycosidase Inhibitors and Uses Thereof

Abstract

The invention provides compounds of Formula (I) for selectively inhibiting glycosidases, prodrugs of the compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds or prodrugs of the compounds. The invention also provides methods of treating diseases and disorders related to deficiency or overexpression of O-GlcNAcase, accumulation or deficiency of O-GlcNAc.

1 . A compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each R 1  is independently a non-interfering substituent; and 
         R 2  is NR 3   2 , wherein each R 3  is optionally independently a non-interfering substituent, 
         with the proviso that when each R 1  is H, R 2  excludes NH(COCH 3 ), NH(CO(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 ), NH(benzoyl), NH 2 , NH(CH 3 ), NH(CH 2 CH═CH 2 ), NH((CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ), NH(CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), NH(CH(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )), NH(CH(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ), NH(benzyl), NH(CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ), N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , N(CH 2 CH 3 )((CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ), NH(CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 , N(COCH 3 )(benzyl), N 3 , and N(CH 2 CH 2 OH) 2 ; or when each R 1  is C(O)CH 3 , R 2  excludes NH(COCH 3 ), NH 2 , N 3 , and N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 . 
       
     
     
         2 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein each R 1  may be connected to another R 1  to form an additional ring structure. 
     
     
         3 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein R 1  is H or C(O)CH 3 . 
     
     
         4 . The compound of any  claim 1  wherein said non-interfering substituent is selected from one or more of alkyl, branched alkyl, alkenyl, branched alkenyl, alkynyl, branched alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, and heteroarylalkylnyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms or additional non-interfering substituents. 
     
     
         5 . The compound of  claim 4  wherein said non-interfering substituent comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from P, O, S, N, F, Cl, Br, I, or B. 
     
     
         6 . (canceled) 
     
     
         7 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein R 2  is selected from the group consisting of: N(CH 3 )(C(O)CH 3 ), N(CH 2 CH 3 )(C(O)CH 3 ), N(CH 3 )(C(O)CH 2 CH 3 ), NH(C(O)NH 2 ), NH(C(O)NHCH 3 ), NH(C(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 ), NH(C(O)NH(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 ), NH(C(O)NH(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ), NH(C(O)NH(CH 2 CH═CH 2 )), NH(C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), NH(C(O)N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 )), NH(CO)(tetrahydropyrrol-1-yl), N(CH 3 )(C(O)NHCH 3 ), N(CH 3 )(C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 ), NH(CH 2 CH 3 ), NH(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , NH(CH(CH 3 ) 2 ), N(CH 3 ) 2 , N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 ), N(CH 3 ) ((CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 ), N(CH 3 )((CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ), N(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH═CH 2 ), and tetrahydropyrrol 1 yl. 
     
     
         8 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein the compound is a prodrug. 
     
     
         9 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein the compound selectively inhibits an O-glycoprotein 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosidase (O-GlcNAcase). 
     
     
         10 . (canceled) 
     
     
         11 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein the compound selectively inhibits the cleavage of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (O-GlcNAc). 
     
     
         12 . The compound of  claim 9  wherein the O-GlcNAcase is a mammalian O-GlcNAcase. 
     
     
         13 . (canceled) 
     
     
         14 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of  claim 1  in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         15 . A method of selectively inhibiting an O-GlcNAcase in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each R 1  is independently a non-interfering substituent; and 
         R 2  is NR 3   2 , wherein each R 3  is optionally independently a non-interfering substituent. 
       
     
     
         16 . A method of elevating the level of O-GlcNAc in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each R 1  is independently a non-interfering substituent; and 
         R 2  is NR 3   2 , wherein each R 3  is optionally independently a non-interfering substituent. 
       
     
     
         17 . A method of treating a condition that is modulated by an O-GlcNAcase, in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each R 1  is independently a non-interfering substituent; and 
         R 2  is NR 3   2 , wherein each R 3  is optionally independently a non-interfering substituent. 
       
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the condition is selected from one or more of the group consisting of an inflammatory disease, an allergy, asthma, allergic rhinitis, hypersensitivity lung diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonias, delayed-type hypersensitivity, atherosclerosis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, ILD associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, polymyositis or dermatomyositis, systemic anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity response, drug allergy, insect sting allergy, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myastenia gravis, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune thyroiditis, graft rejection, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, spondyloarthropathy, scleroderma, psoriasis, T-cell mediated psoriasis, inflammatory dermatosis, dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria, vasculitis, necrotizing, cutaneous, and hypersensitivity vasculitis, eosinphilic myotis, eosiniphilic fasciitis, solid organ transplant rejection, heart transplant rejection, lung transplant rejection, liver transplant rejection, kidney transplant rejection, pancreas transplant rejection, kidney allograft, lung allograft, epilepsy, pain, stroke, neuroprotection. 
     
     
         19 . A method of treating a condition selected from the group consisting of a neurodegenerative disease, a tauopathy, cancer and stress, in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each R 1  is independently a non-interfering substituent; and 
         R 2  is NR 3   2 , wherein each R 3  is optionally independently a non-interfering substituent. 
       
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19  wherein the condition is selected from one or more of the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive impairment (ALSci), Argyrophilic grain dementia, Bluit disease, Corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Dementia pugilistica, Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification, Down's syndrome, Familial British dementia, Familial Danish dementia, Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, Guadeloupean parkinsonism, Hallevorden-Spatz disease (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1), Multiple system atrophy, Myotonic dystrophy, Niemann-Pick disease (type C), Pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration, Parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam, Pick's disease (PiD), Post-encephalitic parkinsonism (PEP), Prion diseases (including Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD), Fatal Familial Insomnia, and Kuru), Progressive supercortical gliosis, Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Richardson's syndrome, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Tangle-only dementia, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19  wherein the stress is a cardiac disorder. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21  wherein the cardiac disorder is selected from one or more of the group consisting of ischemia; hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock; myocardial infarction; an interventional cardiology procedure; cardiac bypass surgery; fibrinolytic therapy; angioplasty; and stent placement. 
     
     
         23 - 29 . (canceled) 
     
     
         30 . A method for screening for a selective inhibitor of an O-GlcNAcase, the method comprising:
 a) contacting a first sample with a test compound;   b) contacting a second sample with a compound of Formula (I)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         each R 1  is independently a non-interfering substituent; and 
         R 2  is NR 3   2 , wherein each R 3  is optionally independently a non-interfering substituent; 
         c) determining the level of inhibition of the O-GlcNAcase in the first and second samples, 
       
       wherein the test compound is a selective inhibitor of a O-GlcNAcase if the test compound exhibits the same or greater inhibition of the O-GlcNAcase when compared to the compound of Formula (I).