Methods for making foams using blowing agents comprising unsaturated fluorocarbons

Abstract

Disclosed herein are blowing agents comprising fluorocarbons and/or hydrofluorocarbons useful in foamable compositions. Also disclosed are methods for forming a foam comprising the aforementioned blowing agents.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A method of forming a foam comprising:
 (a) adding a blowing agent to a foamable composition, said blowing agent comprising at least one fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of:
 (i) a hydrofluorocarbon having the formula E- or Z—R 1 CH═CHR 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are, independently, C 1  to C 6  perfluoroalkyl groups; and 
 (ii) a fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of CF 3 CF═CHF, CF 3 CH═CF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CHF, CF 3 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHF, CH 2 FCF═CF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CHF, CHF 2 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CH 2 , CH 3 CF═CF 2 , CH 2 FCHCF 2 , CH 2 FCF═CHF, CHF 2 CH═CHF, CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CF 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCHFCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CHCF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CH 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CF═CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═C(CF 3 ) 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF═CHCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CH 2 F, CF 2 ═CFCHFCHF 2 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CF 2 CF═CF 2 , CH 2 FCF═CFCHF 2 , CH 2 FCF 2 CF═CF 2 , CF 2 ═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═C(CHF 2 )(CF 3 ), CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 ═C(CHF 2 )(CH 3 ), CHF═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═C(CHF 2 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═CFCH 3 , CH 3 CF═CHCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CHF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CF═CFCHFCF 3 , CHF═CFCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═CFCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CHF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CHF═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═C(CF 3 )CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═CFCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CHF═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 FCH═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 3 CF═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CHFCF 3 , CH 2 C(CF 3 )CH 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHC 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF═CHCF 3 , CH 2 ═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═C(CH 3 )(CF 3 ), CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CH(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═C(CH 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCF 2 CH 3 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 )CH 2 C 2 F 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFC 2 H 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCH(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), (CF 3 ) 2 C═CFC 2 H5, cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH—, cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH—, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 C(CH 3 )═CH 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CHCH 3 , cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CF═CF—, cyclo-CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 —, cyclo-CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF 2 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFC 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CH═CFCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CHCF 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CF═CHCH 3 , C 2 F 5 CF═CHCH 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCH 3 , CF 3 C(CH 3 )═CHCF 3 , CHF═CFC 2 F 5 , CHF 2 CF═CFCF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHF, CH 2 FCF═CFCF 3 , CHF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CHF 2 CH═CFCF 3 , CHF═CFCHFCF 3 , CF 3 CH═CFCHF 2 , CHF═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CFCHF 2 , CH 2 CF═CFCF 3 , CH 2 FCH═CFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCHFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CH═CFCH 2 F, CHF═CFCH 2 CF 3 , CHF═CHCHFCF 3 , CHF═CHCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CHCHF 2 , CHF═CFCHFCHF 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCH 3 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 Br, CHF═CBrCHF 2 , CHBr═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CBr═CFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CBrCF 2 CF 3 , CHBr═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 Br, CH 2 ═CHCBrFCF 3 , CH 3 CBr═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CBr═CHCH 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHBr, CF 3 CF═CBrCF 2 CF 3 , E-CHF 2 CBr═CFC 2 F 5 , Z—CHF 2 CBr═CFC 2 F 5 , CF 2 ═CBrCHFC 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCBr═CH 2 , CHBr═CF(CF 2 ) 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 ═CBrCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 2 ═C(CH 2 Br)CF 3 , CH 2 ═C(CBrF 2 )CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CHCH═CHBr, (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCH 2 Br, CH 2 ═CHCF(CF 3 )CBrF 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CH 2 CBrF 2 , CFBr═CHCF 3 , CFBr═CFCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CBr═CH 2 , and CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CBr═CH 2 ; and 
   (b) reacting or extruding the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the blowing agent is selected from (i), and R 1  and R 2  are, independently, CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C(CF 3 ) 3 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF(CF 3 ) CF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , or C(CF 3 ) 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 . 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the blowing agent blowing agent is selected from (i) and wherein the hydrofluorocarbon is CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHC 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHC 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 3 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH═CHCF(CF 3 )C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHCF 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 4 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 3 CF 3 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHCF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHCF(CF 3 )C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CHCF 2 C 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCF(CF 3 )(CF 2 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 4 CF 3 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 3 CF 3 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CHCF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CHCF(CF 3 )C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CH(CF 2 ) 3 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CHCF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CHCF(CF 3 )C 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , C 2 F 5 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHCF(CF 3 )(CF 2 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 4 CF 3 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CH(CF 2 ) 44 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CHC(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CH═CH(CF 2 ) 3 CF 3 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CH═CHCF(CF 3 )C 2 F 5 , CF 3  (CF 2 ) 3 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF 2 CH═CHCF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF 2 CH═CHCF(CF 3 )C 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF 2 CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , C 2 F 5 CF(CF 3 )CH═CHCF(CF 3 )C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CF(CF 3 )CH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , or (CF 3 ) 3 CCH═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 . 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the foamable composition comprises an isocyanate, at least one polyol, and at least one catalyst. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the foamable composition further comprises a resin, wherein said resin is polystyrene, polypropylene or polyethylene. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the foamable composition further comprises a nucleating agent. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the blowing agent comprises a fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of E-CF 3 CF═CHF, Z—CF 3 CF═CHF, E-CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CFCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CFCF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , and Z—CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 . 
     
     
         7 . A method of forming a polyisocyanate-based foam comprising reacting at least one organic polyisocyanate with at least one active hydrogen-containing compound in the presence of a blowing agent, said blowing agent comprising at least one fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of:
 (i) a hydrofluorocarbon having the formula E- or Z—R 1 CH═CHR 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are, independently, C 1  to C6 perfluoroalkyl groups; and   (ii) a fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of CF 3 CF═CHF, CF 3 CH═CF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CHF, CF 3 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHF, CH 2 FCF═CF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CHF, CHF 2 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CH 2 , CH 3 CF═CF 2 , CH 2 FCHCF 2 , CH 2 FCF═CHF, CHF 2 CH═CHF, CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , CF3CF 2 CF═CF 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCHFCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CHCF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CH 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CF═CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═C(CF 3 ) 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF═CHCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CH 2 F, CF 2 ═CFCHFCHF 2 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CF 2 CF═CF 2 , CH 2 FCF═CFCHF 2 , CH 2 FCF 2 CF═CF 2 , CF 2 ═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═C(CHF 2 )(CF 3 ), CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 ═C(CHF 2 )(CH 3 ), CHF═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═C(CHF 2 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═CFCH 3 , CH 3 CF═CHCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CHF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CF═CFCHFCF 3 , CHF═CFCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═CFCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CHF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CHF═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═C(CF 3 )CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═CFCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CHF═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 FCH═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 3 CF═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CHFCF 3 , CH 2 C(CF 3 )CH 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHC 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF═CHCF 3 , CH 2 ═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═C(CH 3 )(CF 3 ), CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CH(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═C(CH 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCF 2 CH 3 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 )CH 2 C 2 F 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFC 2 H 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCH(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), (CF 3 ) 2 C═CFC 2 H5, cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH—, cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH—, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 C(CH 3 )═CH 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CHCH 3 , cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CF═CF—, cyclo-CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 —, cyclo-CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF 2 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFC 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CH═CFCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CHCF 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CF═CHCH 3 , C 2 F 5 CF═CHCH 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCH 3 , CF 3 C(CH 3 )═CHCF 3 , CHF═CFC 2 F 5 , CHF 2 CF═CFCF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHF, CH 2 FCF═CFCF 3 , CHF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CHF 2 CH═CFCF 3 , CHF═CFCHFCF 3 , CF 3 CH═CFCHF 2 , CHF═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CFCHF 2 , CH 2 CF═CFCF 3 , CH 2 FCH═CFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCHFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CH═CFCH 2 F, CHF═CFCH 2 CF 3 , CHF═CHCHFCF 3 , CHF═CHCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CHCHF 2 , CHF═CFCHFCHF 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCH 3 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 Br, CHF═CBrCHF 2 , CHBr═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CBr═CFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CBrCF 2 CF 3 , CHBr═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 Br, CH 2 ═CHCBrFCF 3 , CH 3 CBr═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CBr═CHCH 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHBr, CF 3 CF═CBrCF 2 CF 3 , E-CHF 2 CBr═CFC 2 F 5 , Z—CHF 2 CBr═CFC 2 F 5 , CF 2 ═CBrCHFC 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCBr═CH 2 , CHBr═CF(CF 2 ) 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 ═CBrCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 2 ═C(CH 2 Br)CF 3 , CH 2 ═C(CBrF 2 )CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CHCH═CHBr, (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCH 2 Br, CH 2 ═CHCF(CF 3 )CBrF 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CH 2 CBrF 2 , CFBr═CHCF 3 , CFBr═CFCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CBr═CH 2 , and CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CBr═CH 2 .   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the at least one active hydrogen-containing compound is preblended with the blowing agent before reacting with at least one polyisocyanate. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the at least one active hydrogen-containing compound/blowing agent blend contains at least 5 to 50 wt. % blowing agent, based on the total weight of active hydrogen-containing compound and blowing agent. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the at least one active hydrogen-containing compound/blowing agent blend contains at least 5 to 25 wt. % blowing agent, based on the total weight of active hydrogen-containing compound and blowing agent. 
     
     
         11 . A method of producing polyurethane foams, comprising the steps of blending at least one active hydrogen containing compound and at least one blowing agent to form a B side mixture, said blowing agent comprising a hydrofluorocarbons selected from the group consisting of E-CF 3 CF═CHF, Z—CF 3 CF═CHF, E-CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CFCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CFCF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , and Z—CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , and reacting said B side mixture with an A side mixture, said A side mixture comprising at least one organic polyisocyanate. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the at least one organic polyisocyanate, the at least one active hydrogen-containing compound, and the blowing agent of  claim 1  are blended simultaneously. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the reacting step is performed in the presence of at least one catalyst. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the B side further comprises at least one auxiliary component, said auxiliary component selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a flame retardant, a preservative, a colorant, an antioxidant, a reinforcing agent, a filler, an antistatic agent, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the at least surfactant is present in a range of from about 0.2 to about 5 parts surfactant per 100 parts by weight polyol. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the at least one surfactant is a liquid or solid organosilicone compound, a polyethylene glycol ether of a long chain alcohol, a tertiary amine or alkanolamine salt of a long chain alkyl acid sulfate ester, an alkyl sulfonic ester, or an alkyl arylsulfonic acid. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the at least one catalyst is present in a range of from about 0.1 to about 5 parts catalyst per 100 parts by weight of polyol. 
     
     
         18 . A method of making a thermoplastic foam, comprising the steps of forming a melt comprising a foamable composition, wherein said foamable composition is polystyrene, polyethylene, or polypropylene, blending a blowing agent composition with the melt to form a plasticized mass at nonfoaming temperatures and pressures; passing the plasticized mass at a controlled rate, temperature and pressure through a die and into an expansion zone to form an extrudate, allowing the extrudate to foam in the expansion zone, maintaining the expanding extrudate under such temperatures and pressures for a time sufficient for the viscosity of the extrudate to increase such that the cell size and density of the foam remain substantially unchanged and substantially free of ruptured cells at 25° C. and atmospheric pressure, wherein said blowing agent comprises a fluorocarbon, said fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of
 (i) a hydrofluorocarbon having the formula E- or Z—R 1 CH═CHR 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are, independently, C 1  to C 6  perfluoroalkyl groups; and 
 (ii) a fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of CF 3 CF═CHF, CF 3 CH═CF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CHF, CF 3 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHF, CH 2 FCF═CF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CHF, CHF 2 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CH 2 , CH 3 CF═CF 2 , CH 2 FCHCF 2 , CH 2 FCF═CHF, CHF 2 CH═CHF, CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , CF3CF 2 CF═CF 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCHFCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CH═CHCF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCH═CH 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CF═CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═C(CF 3 ) 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF═CHCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CH 2 F, CF 2 ═CFCHFCHF 2 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 CF 2 CF═CF 2 , CH 2 FCF═CFCHF 2 , CH 2 FCF 2 CF═CF 2 , CF 2 ═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═C(CHF 2 )(CF 3 ), CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 ═C(CHF 2 )(CH 3 ), CHF═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═C(CHF 2 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═CFCH 3 , CH 3 CF═CHCF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CHF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CF═CFCHFCF 3 , CHF═CFCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═CFCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CHF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 ═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CHF═CHCF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 ═C(CF 3 )CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═C(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), CH 2 ═CFCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CHF═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 FCH═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 3 CF═C(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CHFCF 3 , CH 2 C(CF 3 )CH 2 CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHC 2 F 5 , (CF3) 2 CFCF═CHCF 3 , CH 2 ═CHC(CF 3 ) 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═C(CH 3 )(CF 3 ), CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CH(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═C(CH 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCH(CF 3 ) 2 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CHF 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCF 2 CH 3 , CH 2 ═C(CF 3 )CH 2 C 2 F 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFC 2 H 5 , CH 2 ═CHCH 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCH(CF 3 )(CH 3 ), (CF 3 ) 2 C═CFC 2 H5, cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH—, cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH—, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 C(CH 3 )═CH 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CHCH 3 , cyclo-CF 2 CF 2 CF═CF—, cyclo-CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 —, cyclo-CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH═CH 2 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF 2 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF═CFC 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CFCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CH═CFCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 CF 2 CF═CHCF 2 C 2 F 5 , C 2 F 5 CF 2 CF═CHCH 3 , C 2 F 5 CF═CHCH 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCH 3 , CF 3 C(CH 3 )═CHCF 3 , CHF═CFC 2 F 5 , CHF 2 CF═CFCF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHF, CH 2 FCF═CFCF 3 , CHF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CHF 2 CH═CFCF 3 , CHF═CFCHFCF 3 , CF 3 CH═CFCHF 2 , CHF═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CFCHF 2 , CH 2 CF═CFCF 3 , CH 2 FCH═CFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCHFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CFCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CH═CFCH 2 F, CHF═CFCH 2 CF 3 , CHF═CHCHFCF 3 , CHF═CHCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF═CHCHF 2 , CHF═CFCHFCHF 2 , CF 3 CF═CHCH 3 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 Br, CHF═CBrCHF 2 , CHBr═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CBr═CFCF 3 , CH 2 ═CBrCF 2 CF 3 , CHBr═CHCF 2 CF 3 , CH 2 ═CHCF 2 CF 2 Br, CH 2 ═CHCBrFCF 3 , CH 3 CBr═CHCF 3 , CF 3 CBr═CHCH 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHBr, CF 3 CF═CBrCF 2 CF 3 , E-CHF 2 CBr═CFC 2 F 5 , Z—CHF 2 CBr═CFC 2 F 5 , CF 2 ═CBrCHFC 2 F 5 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCBr═CH 2 , CHBr═CF(CF 2 ) 2 CHF 2 , CH 2 ═CBrCF 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 2 ═C(CH 2 Br)CF 3 , CH 2 ═C(CBrF 2 )CF 3 , (CF 3 ) 2 CHCH═CHBr, (CF 3 ) 2 C═CHCH 2 Br, CH 2 ═CHCF(CF 3 )CBrF 2 , CF 2 ═CHCF 2 CH 2 CBrF 2 , CFBr═CHCF 3 , CFBr═CFCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CBr═CH 2 , and CF 3 (CF 2 ) 3 CBr═CH 2 . 
 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the blowing agent is E-CF 3 CF═CHF, Z—CF 3 CF═CHF, E-CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CHCF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CFCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CFCF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , Z—CF 3 CF═CFCF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CHCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CF═CHCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , Z—CF 3 CH═CFCF 2 CF 3 , E-CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 , CF3CF2CF═CH2 or Z—CF 3 CF═CFCF 2 CF 3 . 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the foamable composition further comprises a nucleating agent. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the plasticized mass comprises 88 to 97 wt. percent polystyrene resin 2 to 8 wt. percent blowing agent and 1 to 4 wt. percent nucleating agent. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 18 , where in the blowing agent is a hydrofluoroolefin having the formula E- or Z—R 1 CH═CHR 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are wherein R 1  and R 2  are, independently, CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF(CF 3 ) 2 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF(CF 3 )CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C(CF 3 ) 3 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) 2 , C(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF(CF 3 ) CF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 , or C(CF 3 ) 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 . 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the plasticized mass comprises 88 to 97 wt. percent polypropylene resin 2 to 8 wt. percent blowing agent and 1 to 4 wt. percent nucleating agent. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the plasticized mass comprises 88 to 97 wt. percent polyethylene resin 2 to 8 5 wt. percent blowing agent and 1 to 4 wt. percent nucleating agent. 
     
     
         25 . A method for lowering the GWP of the methods for manufacturing open, closed and multi-modal foams, said method comprising combining at least one fluoroolefin of the present invention with a resin to produce a foamable composition with a GWP (calculated as a weighted average of the GWP for each component of the foamable composition) of less than 25. 
     
     
         26 . A method for lowering the GWP of the methods for manufacturing open, closed and multi-modal foams, said method comprising combining at least one fluoroolefin of the present invention into a B-side mixture to produce a foamable composition with a GWP calculated as a weighted average of the GWP for each component of the foamable composition of less than 25.