Derivatives of 4-piperazin-1-yl-4-benzo[b]thiophene suitable for the treatment of cns disorders

Abstract

A heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof represented by the formula (1): where R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; A represents a lower alkylene group or lower alkenylene group; and R 1 represents an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group. The compound of the present invention has a wide treatment spectrum for mental disorders including central nervous system disorders, no side effects and high safety.

1 . A heterocyclic compound or a salt thereof represented by formula (1): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R 2  represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; 
         A represents a lower alkylene group or a lower alkenylene group; and 
         R 1  represents heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of (I) and (II)) below: 
         (I) a saturated or unsaturated heteromonocyclic group having 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom; and 
         (II) a benzene fused heterocyclic group that has 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom and that is selected from the group consisting of (1) a tetrahydroquinoxalinyl group, (2) a tetrahydroquinazolinyl group, (3) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, (4) an indolinyl group, (5) an indolyl group, (6) an isoindolinyl group, (7) a benzimidazolyl group, (8) a dihydrobenzimidazolyl group, (9) a tetrahydrobenzazepinyl group, (10) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, (11) a hexahydrobenzazocinyl group, (12) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, (13) a dihydrobenzoxazolyl group, (14) a benzisoxazolyl group, (15) a benzoxadiazolyl group, (16) a tetrahydrobenzoxazepinyl group, (17) a dihydrobenzothiazinyl group, (18) a benzothiazolyl group, (19) a benzoxathiolyl group, (20) a chromenyl group, (21) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, (22) a carbazolyl group, (23) a dibenzofuryl group, and (24) a quinoxalinyl group, 
         wherein at least one group selected from the group consisting of the groups (1) to (66) below ay be present as a substituent on the heterocyclic group represented by R 1 : 
         (1) a lower alkyl group, 
         (2) a lower alkenyl group, 
         (3) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
         (4) a lower alkoxy group, 
         (5) an aryloxy group, 
         (6) a lower alkylthio group, 
         (7) a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group., 
         (8) a hydroxy group, 
         (9) a protected hydroxy group, 
         (10) a hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
         (11) a protected hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
         (12) a halogen atom, 
         (13) a cyano group, 
         (14) an aryl group, 
         (15) a nitro group, 
         (16) an amino group, 
         (17) an amino group having a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl group, an amino lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, and a lower alkoxy carbonylamino lower alkanoyl group as a substituent, 
         (18) a lower alkanoyl group, 
         (19) an arylsulfonyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the aryl group, 
         (20) a carboxy group, 
         (21) a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, 
         (22) a carboxy lower alkyl group, 
         (23) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
         (24) a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, 
         (25) a carboxy lower alkenyl group, 
         (26) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkenyl group, 
         (27) a carbamoyl lower alkenyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group as a substituent, 
         (28) a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of the groups (i) to (lxxviii) below as a substituent:
 (i) a lower alkyl group, 
 (ii) a lower alkoxy group, 
 (iii) a hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
 (iv) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (v) an aryloxy lower alkyl group, 
 (vi) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (vii) an amino lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an aroyl group, and a carbamoyl group, 
 (viii) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a phenyl lower alkoxy group as a substituent, 
 (ix) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (x) a lower alkenyl group, 
 (xi) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, phenyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), and a phenyl group(s) that may have a lower alkoxy group(s) as a substituent, 
 (xii) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xiii) a furyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent) on the furyl group, 
 (xiv) a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xv) a 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvi) a tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvii) a pyrrolyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrrolyl group), 
 (xviii) a lower alkyl group substituted with a dihydropyrazolyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xix) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrazolyl group), 
 (xx) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxi) a pyridyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxii) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrazinyl group), 
 (xxiii) a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group(s) and a lower alkyl group as a substituent on the pyrrolidinyl group), 
 (xxiv) a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a benzoyl group and a lower alkanoyl group as a substituent on the piperidyl group), 
 (xxv) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperazinyl group), 
 (xxvi) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxvii) a thienyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the thienyl group), 
 (xxviii) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxix) a dihydrobenzofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxx) a benzopyranyl lower alkyl group (that may have an oxo group(s) as a substituent on the benzopyranyl group), 
 (xxxi) a benzimidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxii) an indolyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s) on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiii) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group that has a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a carbamoyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiv) a pyridyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group as a substituent, 
 (xxxv) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group and an aroyl group as a substituent, 
 (xxxvi) a piperidyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen atom as a substituent, 
 (xxxvii) a tetrahydrofuryl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xxxviii) a hexahydroazepinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xxxix) a pyrazolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, an aryl group and a fury) group as a substituent, 
 (xi) a thiazolyl group, 
 (xli) a thiadiazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xlii) an isoxazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xliii) an indazolyl group, 
 (xliv) an indolyl group, 
 (xlv) a tetrahydrobenzothiazolyl group, 
 (xlvi) a tetrahydroquinolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom, and an oxo group as a substituent, 
 (xlvii) a quinolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xlviii) a benzodioxolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xlix) an aryl group that may have a group(s) as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom; a lower alkyl group; a lower alkoxy group; a halogen substituted lower alkyl group; a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group; a lower alkenyl group; an amino group that may have a group selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkyl sulfonyl group, a lower alkyl group and an aryl group; a sulfamoyl group; a lower alkylthio group; a lower alkanoyl group; a lower alkoxycarbonyl group; a pyrrolyl group; a lower alkynyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an aryloxy group; an aryl lower alkoxy group; a hydroxy group; a hydroxy lower alkyl group; a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and an aryl group; a pyrazolyl group; a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s); an oxazolyl group; an imidazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s); a dihydrofuryl group that may have an oxo group(s); a thiazolidinyl lower alkyl group that may have an oxo group(s); an imidazolyl lower alkanoyl group; and a piperidinylcarbonyl group, 
 (l) a cyano lower alkyl group, 
 (li) a dihydroquinolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and an oxo group, 
 (lii) a halogen substituted lower alkylamino group, 
 (liii) a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group, 
 (liv) an amidino group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lv) an amidino lower alkyl group, 
 (lvi) a lower alkenyloxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lvii) an arylamino group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, on the aryl group, 
 (lviii) an aryl lower alkenyl group, 
 (lix) a pyridylamino group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lx) an aryl lower alkyl group (that may have on the aryl group and/or the lower alkyl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxy group, a carbamoyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group as a substituent), 
 (lxi) a lower alkynyl group, 
 (lxii) an aryloxy lower alkyl group (that may have as a substituent on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy groupaa a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a lower alkyl group, and a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s)), 
 (lxiii) an isoxazolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxiv) a dihydroindenyl group, 
 (lxv) an aryl lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lxvi) a tetrahydropyranyl group, 
 (lxvii) an azetidinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and an aroyl group, 
 (lxviii) an azetidinyl lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and aroyl group, 
 (lxix) a tetrazolyl group, 
 (lxx) an indolinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxxi) a triazolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a lower alkylthio group, 
 (lxxii) an imidazolyl group that may have a carbamoyl group(s), 
 (lxxiii) an oxazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lxxiv) an isothiazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lxxv) a benzimidazolyl group, 
 (lxxvi) a dihydrobenzothiazolyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxxvii) a thienyl group that may have a lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s), and 
 (lxxviii) an oxazolyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 
         (29) an amino lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an aryl group, an aryl lower alkyl group, an aroyl group, and an amino substituted alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group) on the amino group, 
         (30) a lower alkyl group substituted with a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
         (31) a thiocarbamoyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
         (32) a sulfamoyl group, 
         (33) an oxazolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
         (34) an imidazolidinyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and a lower alkyl group, 
         (35) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
         (36) an imidazolyl group, 
         (37) a triazolyl group, 
         (38) an isoxazolyl group, 
         (39) a piperidyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an oxo group, a hydroxy group, and an amino group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, 
         (40) a piperidylcarbonyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a carboxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino group (on which 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an aroyl group may be present), a piperidyl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an aroyl group may be present), a piperazinyl group (on which a lower alkyl group(s) may be present as a substituent), a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decyl group, a morpholinyl group, a hexahydro-1,4-diazepinyl group (on which a lower alkyl group(s) may be present as a substituent), a pyridyl group, a pyridyloxy group, a pyridyl lower alkoxy group, a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which an oxo group(s) may be present), a benzodioxolyl group, an aryl lower alkoxy group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group on the aryl group), an aryl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, and a hydroxy group may be present), an aryloxy group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a halogen atom, lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group), an aryl lower alkyl group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group), and an aroyl group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkoxy group), 
         (41) a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl group that may have a group as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxy group, an amino group (that may have on the amino group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperazinyl group), an amino lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group), an aryloxy group (that may have a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group(s) on the aryl group), an aryloxy lower alkyl group (that may have a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group(s) on the aryl group), and a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which an oxo group(s) may be present), 
         (42) a piperazinylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group), a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperidyl group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl group, a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, a pyridyl lower alkyl group (that may have a phenyl group(s) as a substituent on the lower alkyl group), a imidazolyl lower alkyl group, a furyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent, a pyridyl group (that may have on the pyridyl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyano group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group as a substituent), a thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl group, an aryl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkyl group may be present), an aroyl group, a furyl carbonyl group, an aryl lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an oxo group, 
         (43) a hexahydroazepinylcarbonyl group, 
         (44) a hexahydro-1,4-diazepinylcarbonyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a pyridyl group, 
         (45) a dihydropyrrolylcarbonyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
         (46) a thiomorpholinylcarbonyl group, 
         (47) a morpholinylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, and an aryl group, 
         (48) a thiazolidinyl carbonyl group that may have an aryl group(s) that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a cyano group, 
         (49) an azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl group, 
         (50) an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl group that may have a halogen substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group(s), 
         (51) an indolinylcarbonyl group, 
         (52) a tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl group, 
         (53) a tetrahydropyrido[3.4-b]indolylcarbonyl group, 
         (54) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, 
         (55) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the piperazinyl group, 
         (56) a morpholinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
         (57) a piperazinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the piperazinyl group, 
         (58) an oxo group, 
         (59) an amino lower alkoxy group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the amino group), 
         (60) a lower alkoxy lower alkoxy group, 
         (61) a piperazinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, 
         (62) a morpholinyl group, 
         (63) a 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decanylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and an aryl group, 
         (64) a tetrahydropyridylcarbonyl group that may have a pyridyl group(s), 
         (65) an imidazolidinylcarbonyl group that may have a thioxo group(s), and 
         (66) a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl group.d 
       
     
     
         2 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein
 R 1  represents a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of (I) and (II) below:   (I) a saturated or unsaturated heteromonocyclic group that has 1 to 2 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom; and   (II) a benzene fused heterocyclic group that has 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom and that is selected from the group consisting of (1) a tetrahydroquinoxalinyl group, (2) a tetrahydroquinazolinyl group, (3) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, (4) an indolinyl group, (5) an indolyl group, (6) an isoindolinyl group, (7) a benzimidazolinyl group, (8) a dihydrobenzimidazolyl group, (9) a tetrahydrobenzazepinyl group, (10) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, (11) a hexahydrobenzazocinyl group, (12) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, (13) a dihydrobenzoxazolyl group, (14) a benzisoxazolyl group, (15) a benzoxadiazolyl group, (16) a tetrahydrobenzoxazepinyl group, (17) a dihydrobenzothiazinyl group, (18) a benzothiazolyl group, (19) a benzoxathiolyl group, (20) a chromenyl group, (21) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, (22) a carbazolyl group, (23) a dibenzofuryl group and (24) a quinoxalinyl group,   wherein from 1 to 5 groups selected from the group consisting of the groups (1) to (66) below may be present as a substituent(s) on the heterocyclic group represented by R 1 :   (1) a lower alkyl group,   (2) a lower alkenyl group,   (3) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group,   (4) a lower alkoxy group,   (5) a phenoxy group,   (6) a lower alkylthio group,   (7) a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group,   (8) a hydroxy group,   (9) a phenyl lower alkoxy group,   (10) a hydroxy lower alkyl group,   (11) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group,   (12) a halogen atom,   (13) a cyano group,   (14) a phenyl group,   (15) a nitro group,   (16) an amino group,   (17) an amino group having 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl group, an amino lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, and a lower alkoxycarbonylamino lower alkanoyl group as a substituent(s),   (18) a lower alkanoyl group,   (19) a phenylsulfonyl group that may have a single lower alkyl group on the phenyl group,   (20) a carboxy group,   (21) a lower alkoxycarbonyl group,   (22) a carboxy lower alkyl group,   (23) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group,   (24) a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group,   (25) a carboxy lower alkenyl group,   (26) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkenyl group,   (27) a carbamoyl lower alkenyl group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a lower alkyl group substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms as a substituent(s),   (28) a carbamoyl group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of the groups (i) to (lxxviii) below as a substituent(s):
 (i) a lower alkyl group, 
 (ii) a lower alkoxy group, 
 (iii) a hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
 (iv) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (v) an phenoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (vi) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (vii) an amino lower alkyl group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a tower alkanoyl group, a benzoyl group, and a carbamoyl group, 
 (viii) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a phenyl lower alkoxy group as a substituent(s), 
 (ix) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (x) a lower alkenyl group, 
 (xi) a lower alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbamoyl groups that may have 1 to 2 groups as a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group that may have a single lower alkyl group, and a phenyl group that may have a single lower alkoxy group, 
 (xii) a lower alkyl group having 1 to 2 lower alkoxy carbonyl groups, 
 (xiii) a furyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s) on the furyl group), 
 (xiv) a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xv) a 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvi) a tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvii) a pyrrolyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups on the pyrrolyl group as a substituent(s)), 
 (xviii) a lower alkyl group substituted with a dihydropyrazolyl group that may have a single oxo group, 
 (xix) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s) on the pyrazolyl group), 
 (xx) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxi) a pyridyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxii) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 3 (preferably 1) lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s) on the pyrazinyl group), 
 (xxiii) a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and a lower alkyl group as a substituent(s) on the pyrrolidinyl group), 
 (xxiv) a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a benzoyl group and a lower alkanoyl group as a substituent(s) on the piperidyl group), 
 (xxv) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s) on the piperazinyl group), 
 (xxvi) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxvii) a thienyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s) on the thienyl group), 
 (xxviii) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxix) a dihydrobenzofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxx) a benzopyranyl lower alkyl group (that may have a single oxo group as a substituent on the benzopyranyl group), 
 (xxxi) a benzimidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxii) an indolyl lower alkyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkoxycarbonyl groups on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiii) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group that has 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a carbamoyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiv) a pyridyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group as a substituent(s), 
 (xxxv) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and a benzoyl group as a substituent(s), 
 (xxxvi) a piperidyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and a benzoyl group (that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen atom as a substituent(s) on the phenyl group), 
 (xxxvii) a tetrahydrofuryl group that may have a single oxo group 
 (xxxviii) a hexahydroazepinyl group that may have a single oxo group, 
 (xxxix) a pyrazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a phenyl group, and a furyl group as a substituent(s), 
 (xl) a thiazolyl group, 
 (xli) a thiadiazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, 
 (xlii) an isoxazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, 
 (xliii) an indazolyl group, 
 (xliv) an indolyl group, 
 (xlv) a tetrahydrobenzothiazolyl group, 
 (xlvi) a tetrahydroquinolyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom, and an oxo group as a substituent(s), 
 (xlvii) a quinolyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, 
 (xlviii) a benzodioxolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xlix) a phenyl group or naphthyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups as a substituent(s), selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom; a lower alkyl group; a lower alkoxy group; a halogen substituted lower alkyl group; a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group; a lower alkenyl group; an amino group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkyl sulfonyl group, a lower alkyl group, and an aryl group; a sulfamoyl group; a lower alkylthio group; a lower alkanoyl group; a lower alkoxycarbonyl group; a pyrrolyl group; a lower alkynyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a phenyloxy group; a phenyl lower alkoxy group; a hydroxy group; a hydroxy lower alkyl group; a carbamoyl group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a phenyl group; a pyrazolyl group; a pyrrolidinyl group that may have a single oxo group; an oxazolyl group; an imidazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups; a dihydrofuryl group that may have a single oxo group; a thiazolidinyl lower alkyl group that may have two oxo groups; imidazolyl lower alkanoyl group; and piperidinylcarbonyl group, 
 (l) a cyano lower alkyl group, 
 (li) a dihydroquinolyl group that may have 1 to 3 group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and an oxo group, 
 (lii) a halogen substituted lower alkylamino group, 
 (liii) a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group, 
 (liv) an amidino group that may have a lower alkyl group, 
 (lv) an amidino lower alkyl group, 
 (lvi) a lower alkenyloxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lvii) a phenylamino group that may have 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group on the phenyl group, 
 (lviii) a phenyl lower alkenyl group, 
 (lix) a pyridylamino group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, 
 (lx) a phenyl lower alkyl group (that may have as a substituent(s) on the phenyl group and/or the lower alkyl group 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxy group, carbamoyl group, and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group), 
 (lxi) a lower alkynyl group, 
 (lxii) a phenyloxy lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group, N-lower alkoxy-N-lower alkylcarbamoyl group, and oxopyrrolidinyl group as a substituent(s) on the phenyl group), 
 (lxiii) an isoxazolidinyl group that may have a single oxo group, 
 (lxiv) a dihydroindenyl group, 
 (lxv) a phenyl lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lxvi) a tetrahydropyranyl group, 
 (lxvii) an azetidinyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and benzoyl group, 
 (lxviii) an azetidinyl lower alkyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and benzoyl group, 
 (lxix) a tetrazolyl group, 
 (lxx) an indolinyl group that may have a single oxo group, 
 (lxxi) a triazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a lower alkylthio group, 
 (lxxii) an imidazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 carbamoyl groups, 
 (lxxiii) an oxazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, 
 (lxxiv) an isothiazolyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, 
 (lxxv) a benzimidazolyl group, 
 (lxxvi) a dihydrobenzothiazolyl group that may have a single oxo group, 
 (lxxvii) a thienyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkoxycarbonyl groups, and 
 (lxxviii) an oxazolyl lower alkyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, 
   (29) an amino lower alkyl group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl lower alkyl group, a benzoyl group and an amino substituted alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s) on the amino group), on the amino group,   (30) a lower alkyl group substituted with a single carbamoyl group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group,   (31) a thiocarbamoyl group that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups,   (32) a sulfamoyl group,   (33) an oxazolidinyl group that may have a single oxo group,   (34) an imidazolidinyl group that may have 1 to 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and a lower alkyl group,   (35) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have a single oxo group,   (36) an imidazolyl group,   (37) a triazolyl group,   (38) an isoxazolyl group,   (39) a piperidyl group that may have 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkylphenylsulfonyl group, an oxo group, a hydroxy group, and an amino group that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group,   (40) a piperidylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a carboxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino group (on which 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a benzoyl group may be present), a piperidyl group (on which 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a benzoyl group may be present), a piperazinyl group (on which 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups may be present as a substituent(s)), a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decyl group, a morpholinyl group, a hexahydro-1,4-diazepynyl group (on which a single lower alkyl group may be present as a substituent), a pyridyl group, a pyridyloxy group, a pyridyl lower alkoxy group, a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which a single oxo group may be present), a benzodioxolyl group, a phenyl lower alkoxy group (that may have on the phenyl group 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group), a phenyl group (on which 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, and a hydroxy group may be present), a phenyloxy group (that may have on the phenyl group 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group), a phenyl lower alkyl group (on the phenyl group, 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group may be present), and a benzoyl group (that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkoxy group on the phenyl group),   (41) a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups as a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxy group, an amino group (that may have 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and a benzoyl group on the amino group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a single lower alkyl group as a substituent on the piperazinyl group), an amino lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups may be present as a substituent on the amino group), phenyloxy group (that may have 1 to 3 halogen substituted lower alkoxy groups on the phenyl group), a phenyloxy lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 3 halogen substituted lower alkoxy groups on the phenyl group), and a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which an oxo group may be present),   (42) a piperazinylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups as a substituents) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a hydroxy lower, alkyl group, a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s) on the amino group), a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups as a substituents) on the piperidyl group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a 1,3-dioxoranyl lower alkyl group, a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, a pyridyl lower alkyl group (that may have 1 to 2 phenyl groups as a substituent(s) on the lower alkyl group), an imidazolyl lower alkyl group, a furyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl group that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups as a substituent(s)), a pyridyl group (that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyano group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group as a substituent(s) on the pyridyl group), a thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl group, a phenyl group (on which 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkyl group may be present), a benzoyl group, a furyl carbonyl group, a phenyl lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an oxo group,   (43) a hexahydroazepinylcarbonyl group,   (44) a hexahydro-1,4-diazepinylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a pyridyl group,   (45) a dihydropyrrolylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups,   (46) a thiomorpholinylcarbonyl group,   (47) a morpholinylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, and a phenyl group,   (48) a thiazolidinyl cabonyl group that may have 1 to 3 phenyl groups that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a cyano group,   (49) an azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl group,   (50) an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 halogen substituted or unsubstituted phenyloxy groups,   (51) an indolinylcarbonyl group,   (52) a tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl group,   (53) a tetrahydropyrido[3.4-b]indolylcarbonyl group,   (54) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group,   (55) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups on the piperazinyl group,   (56) a morpholinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group,   (57) a piperazinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group that may have 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups on the piperazinyl group,   (58) an oxo group,   (59) an amino lower alkoxy group (that may have 1 to 2 lower alkyl groups on the amino group),   (60) a lower alkoxy lower alkoxy group,   (61) a piperazinyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of an oxo group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group,   (62) a morpholinyl group,   (63) a 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decanylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and a phenyl group,   (64) a tetrahydropyridylcarbonyl group that may have 1 to 3 pyridyl groups,   (65) an imidazolidinylcarbonyl group that may have a single thioxo group, and   (66) a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl group.   
     
     
         3 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein A represents a lower alkylene group. 
     
     
         4 - 22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . A process for producing a heterocyclic compound represented by the formula (1): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a salt thereof, where R 2  represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; 
         A represents a lower alkylene group or a lower alkenylene group; and 
         R 1  represents a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of (I) to (IV) below: 
         (I) cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group; 
         (II) an aromatic group selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dihydroindenyl group, and a tetrahydronaphthyl group; 
         (III) a saturated or unsaturated heteromonocyclic group having 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, and oxygen atom and a sulfur atom; and 
         (IV) a benzene fused heterocyclic group that has 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom and that is selected from the group consisting of (1) a tetrahydroquinoxalinyl group, (2) a tetrahydroquinazolinyl group, (3) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, (4) an indolinyl group, (5) an indolyl group, (6) an isoindolinyl group, (7) a benzimidazolyl group, (8) a dihydrobenzimidazolyl group, (9) a tetrahydrobenzazepinyl group, (10) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, (11) a hexahydrobenzazocinyl group, (12) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, (13) a dihydrobenzoxazolyl group, (14) a benzisoxazolyl group, (15) a benzoxadiazolyl group, (16) a tetrahydrobenzoxazepinyl group, (17) a dihydrobenzothiazinyl group, (18) a benzothiazolyl group, (19) a benzoxathiolyl group, (20) a chromenyl group, (21) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, (22) a carbazolyl group, (23) a dibenzofuryl group and (24) a quinoxalinyl group 
         wherein at least one group selected from the group consisting of the groups (1) to (66) below may be present as a substituent on the cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, the aromatic group, and the heterocyclic group represented by R 1 : 
         (1) a lower alkyl group, 
         (2) a lower alkenyl group, 
         (3) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
         (4) a lower alkoxy group, 
         (5) an aryloxy group, 
         (6) a lower alkylthio group, 
         (7) a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, 
         (8) a hydroxy group, 
         (9) a protected hydroxy group, 
         (10) a hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
         (11) a protected hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
         (12) a halogen atom, 
         (13) a cyano group, 
         (14) an aryl group, 
         (15) a nitro group, 
         (16) an amino group, 
         (17) an amino group having a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl group, an amino lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, and a lower alkoxy carbonylamino lower alkanoyl group as a substituent, 
         (18) a lower alkanoyl group, 
         (19) an arylsulfonyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the aryl group, 
         (20) a carboxy group, 
         (21) a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, 
         (22) a carboxy lower alkyl group, 
         (23) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
         (24) a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, 
         (25) a carboxy lower alkenyl group, 
         (26) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkenyl group, 
         (27) a carbamoyl lower alkenyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group as a substituent., 
         (28) a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the aroup consisting of the groups (i) to (lxxviii) below as a substituent:
 (i) a lower alkyl group, 
 (ii) a lower alkoxy group, 
 (iii) a hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
 (iv) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (v) an aryloxy lower alkyl group, 
 (vi) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (vii) an amino lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an aroyl group, and a carbamoyl group, 
 (viii) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a phenyl lower alkoxy group as a substituent, 
 (ix) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (x) a lower alkenyl group., 
 (xi) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, phenyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), and a phenyl group(s) that may have a lower alkoxy group(s) as a substituent, 
 (xii) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xiii) a furyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent) on the furyl group, 
 (xiv) a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xv) a 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvi) a tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvii) a pyrrolyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrrolyl group), 
 (xviii) a lower alkyl group substituted with a dihydropyrazolyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xix) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrazolyl group), 
 (xx) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxi) a pyridyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxii) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrazinyl group), 
 (xxiii) a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group(s) and a lower alkyl group as a substituent on the pyrrolidinyl group), 
 (xxiv) a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a benzoyl group and a lower alkanoyl group as a substituent on the piperidyl group), 
 (xxv) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperazinyl group), 
 (xxvi) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxvii) a thienyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the thienyl group), 
 (xxviii) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxix) a dihydrobenzofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxx) a benzopyranyl lower alkyl group (that may have an oxo group(s) as a substituent on the benzopyranyl group, 
 (xxxi) a benzimidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxii) an indolyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s) on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiii) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group that has a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a carbamoyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiv) a pridyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group as a substituent, 
 (xxxv) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group as a substituent, 
 (xxxvi) a piperidyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen atom as a substituent, 
 (xxxvii) a tetrahydrofuryl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xxxviii) a hexahydroazepinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xxxix) a pyrazolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, and a furl group as a substituent, 
 (xl) a thiazolyl group, 
 (xli) a thiadiazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xlii) an isoxazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xliii) an indazolyl group, 
 (xliv) an indolyl group, 
 (xlv) a tetrahydrobenzothiazolyl group, 
 (xlvi) a tetrahydroquinolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom, and an oxo group as a substituent, 
 (xlvii) a quinolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xlviii) a benzodioxolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xlix) an aryl group that may have a group(s) as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom; a lower alkyl group; a lower alkoxy group; a halogen substituted lower alkyl group; a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group; a lower alkenyl group: an amino group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkyl sulfonyl group, a lower alkyl group, and an aryl group; a sulfamoyl group; a lower alkylthio group; a lower alkanoyl group; a lower alkoxycarbonyl group; a pyrrolyl group; a lower alkynyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an aryloxy group; an aryl lower alkoxy group; a hydroxy group; a hydroxy lower alkyl group; a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and an aryl group; a pyrazolyl group; a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s); an oxazolyl group; an imidazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s); a dihydrofuryl group that may have an oxo group(s); a thiazolidinyl lower alkyl group that may have an oxo group(s); an imidazolyl lower alkanoyl group; and a piperidinylcarbonyl group, 
 (l) a cyano lower alkyl group, 
 (li) a dihydroquinolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and an oxo group, 
 (lii) a halogen substituted lower alkylamino group, 
 (liii) a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group, 
 (liv) an amidino group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lv) an amidino lower alkyl group, 
 (lvi) a lower alkenyloxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lvii) an arylamino group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, on the aryl group, 
 (lviii) an aryl lower alkenyl group, 
 (lix) a pyridylamino group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lx) an aryl lower alkyl group (that may have on the aryl group and/or the lower alkyl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxy group, a carbamoyl group, and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group as a substituent), 
 (lxi) a lower alkynyl group., 
 (lxii) an aryloxy lower alkyl group (that may have as a substituent on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group, a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a lower alkyl group, and a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s)), 
 (lxiii) an isoxazolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxiv) a dihydroindenyl group, 
 (lxv) an aryl lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lxvi) a tetrahydropyranyl group, 
 (lxvii) an azetidinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and an aroyl group, 
 (lxviii) an azetidinyl lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and aroyl group, 
 (lxix) a tetrazolyl group, 
 (lxx) an indolinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxxi) a triazolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a lower alkylthio group, 
 (lxxii) an imidazolyl group that may have a carbamoyl group(s), 
 (lxxiii) an oxazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lxxiv) an isothiazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lxxv) a benzimidazolyl group, 
 (lxxvi) a dihydrobenzothiazolyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxxvii) a thienyl group that may have a lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s), and 
 (lxxviii) an oxazolyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 
         (29) an amino lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an aryl group, an aryl lower alkyl group an aroyl group, and an amino substituted alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group) on the amino group, 
         (30) a lower alkyl group substituted with a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl aomu and a haloen substituted lower alkyl group, 
         (31) a thiocarbamoyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
         (32) a sulfamoyl group, 
         (33) an oxazolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
         (34) an imidazolidinyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and a lower alkyl group, 
         (35) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s)., 
         (36) an imidazolyl group, 
         (37) a triazolyl group, 
         (38) an isoxazolyl group, 
         (39) a piperidyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an oxo group, a hydroxy group, and an amino group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, 
         (40) a piperidylcarbonyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a carboxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino group (on which 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an aroyl group may be present), a piperidyl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an aroyl group may be present), a piperazinyl group (on which a lower alkyl group(s) may be present as a substituent), a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decyl group, a morpholinyl group, a hexahydro-1,4-diazepinyl group (on which a lower alkyl group(s) may be present as a substituent), a pyridyl group, a pyridyloxy group, a pyridyl lower alkoxy group, a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which an oxo group(s) may be present), a benzodioxolyl group, an aryl lower alkoxy group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group on the aryl group), an aryl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, and a hydroxy group may be present), an aryloxy group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a halogen atom, lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group), an aryl lower alkyl group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group), and an aroyl group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkoxy group), 
         (41) a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl group that may have a group as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxy group, an amino group (that may have on the amino group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperazinyl group), an amino lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group), an aryloxy group (that may have a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group(s) on the aryl group), an aryloxy lower alkyl group (that may have a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group(s) on the aryl group), and a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which an oxo group(s) may be present), 
         (42) a piperazinylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group), a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperidyl group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl group, a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, a pyridyl lower alkyl group (that may have a phenyl group(s) as a substituent on the lower alkyl group), a imidazolyl lower alkyl group, a furyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent), pyridyl group (that may have on the pyridyl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyano group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group as a substituent), a thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl group, an aryl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkyl group may be present), an aroyl group, a furyl carbonyl group, an aryl lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an oxo group, 
         (43) a hexahydroazepinylcarbonyl group, 
         (44) a hexahydro-1,4-diazepinylcarbonyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a pyridyl group, 
         (45) a dihydropyrrolylcarbonyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
         (46) a thiomorpholinylcarbonyl group, 
         (47) a morpholinylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, and an aryl group, 
         (48) a thiazolidinyl carbonyl group that may have an aryl group(s) that may have a group(s) selected from the arouD consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a cyano group, 
         (49) an azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl group, 
         (50) an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl group that may have a halogen substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group(s)., 
         (51) an indolinylcarbonyl group., 
         (52) a tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl group, 
         (53) a tetrahydropyrido[3.4-b]indolylcarbonyl group, 
         (54) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, 
         (55) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the piperazinyl group, 
         (56) a morpholinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
         (57) a piperazinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the piperazinyl group, 
         (58) an oxo group, 
         (59) an amino lower alkoxy group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the amino group), 
         (60) a lower alkoxy lower alkoxy group., 
         (61) a piperazinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, 
         (62) a morpholinyl group, 
         (63) a 1,3,8-tnazaspiro[4,5-]decanylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and an aryl group, 
         (64) a tetrahydropyridylcarbonyl group that may have a pyridyl group(s)., 
         (65) an imidazolidinylcarbonyl group that may have a thioxo group(s), and 
         (66) a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl group; 
         said process comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula:
   R 1 —O-A-X 1  
 
 
       
       wherein R 1  and A are the same as defined above, and X 1  represents a halogen atom or a group which causes the same substitution reaction as a halogen atom or a salt thereof with a compound represented by the formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 2  is the same as defined above) or a salt thereof. 
     
     
         24 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a heterocyclic compound of formula (1) or a salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1 - 3 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating a central nervous system disorder selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia; refractory, intractable, or chronic schizophrenia; bipolar I type disorder; bipolar II type disorder, depression; endogenous depression; major depression; melancholy and refractory depression; autism disorder (autism); and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 
     
     
         25 . A process for producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising mixing a heterocyclic compound of formula (1) or a salt thereof according to any one of  claims 1 - 3  with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         26 . A method of treating a central nervous system disorder selected from the group consisting of schizophrenia; bipolar I type disorder; bipolar II type disorder, depression; endogenous depression; major depression; melancholy and refractory depression; autism disorder (autism); and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comprising administering to a human or an animal a heterocyclic compound of formula (1): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R 2  represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; 
         A represents a lower alkylene group or a lower alkenylene group; and
 R 1  represents a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of (I) to (IV) below: 
 (I) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group; 
 (II) an aromatic group selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a dihydroindenyl group, and a tetrahydronaphthyl group; 
 (III) a saturated or unsaturated heteromonocyclic group having 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom; and 
 (IV) a benzene fused heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of (1) a tetrahydroquinoxalinyl group, (2) a tetrahydroquinazolinyl group, (3) a dihydroquinazolinyl group, (4) an indolinyl group, (5) an indolyl group, (6) an isoindolinyl group, (7) a benzimidazolyl group, (8) a dihydrobenzimidazolyl group, (9) a tetrahydrobenzazepinyl group, (10) a tetrahydrobenzodiazepinyl group, (11) a hexahydrobenzazocinyl group, (12) a dihydrobenzoxazinyl group, (13) a dihydrobenzoxazolyl group, (14) a benzisoxazolyl group, (15) a benzoxadiazolyl group, (16) a tetrahydrobenzoxazepinyl group, (17) a dihydrobenzothiazinyl group, (18) a benzothiazolyl group, (19) a benzoxathiolyl group, (20) a chromenyl group, (21) a dihydrobenzofuryl group, (22) a carbazolyl group, (23) a dibenzofuryl group, and (24) a quinoxalinyl group, 
 
         wherein at least one group selected from the group consisting of the groups (1) to (66) below may be present as a substituent on the cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, the aromatic group, and the heterocyclic group represented by R 1 : 
         (1) a lower alkyl group, 
         (2) a lower alkenyl group, 
         (3) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
         (4) a lower alkoxy group, 
         (5) an aryloxy group, 
         (6) a lower alkylthio group, 
         (7) a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, 
         (8) a hydroxy group, 
         (9) a protected hydroxy group, 
         (10) a hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
         (11) a protected hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
         (12) a halogen atom, 
         (13) a cyano group, 
         (14) an aryl group, 
         (15) a nitro group, 
         (16) an amino group, 
         (17) an amino group having a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkylsulfonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl group, an amino lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, and a lower alkoxy carbonylamino lower alkanoyl group as a substituent, 
         (18) a lower alkanoyl group, 
         (19) an arylsulfonyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the aryl group, 
         (20) a carboxy group, 
         (21) a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, 
         (22) a carboxy lower alkyl group, 
         (23) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
         (24) a lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, 
         (25) a carboxy lower alkenyl group, 
         (26) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkenyl group, 
         (27) a carbamoyl lower alkenyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group as a substituent, 
         (28) a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of the groups (i) to (lxxviii) below as a substituent:
 (i) a lower alkyl group, 
 (ii) a lower alkoxy group, 
 (iii) a hydroxy lower alkyl group, 
 (iv) a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (v) an aryloxy lower alkyl group, 
 (vi) a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (vii) an amino lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an aroyl group, and a carbamoyl group, 
 (viii) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a phenyl lower alkoxy group as a substituent, 
 (ix) a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl substituted lower alkyl group, 
 (x) a lower alkenyl group, 
 (xi) a carbamoyl lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, phenyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), and a phenyl group(s) that may have a lower alkoxy group(s) as a substituent, 
 (xii) a lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xiii) a furyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent) on the furyl group, 
 (xiv) a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xv) a 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvi) a tetrahydropyranyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xvii) a pyrrolyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrrolyl group), 
 (xviii) a lower alkyl group substituted with a dihydropyrazolyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xix) a pyrazolyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrazolyl group), 
 (xx) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxi) a pyridyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxii) a pyrazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the pyrazinyl group), 
 (xxiii) a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group(s) and a lower alkyl group as a substituent on the pyrrolidinyl group), 
 (xxiv) a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a benzoyl group and a lower alkanoyl group as a substituent on the piperidyl group), 
 (xxv) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperazinyl group), 
 (xxvi) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxvii) a thienyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the thienyl group), 
 (xxviii) a thiazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxix) a dihydrobenzofuryl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxx) a benzopyranyl lower alkyl group (that may have an oxo group(s) as a substituent on the benzopyranyl group), 
 (xxxi) a benzimidazolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxii) an indolyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s) on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiii) an imidazolyl lower alkyl group that has a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a carbamoyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group on the lower alkyl group, 
 (xxxiv) a pyridyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group as a substituent, 
 (xxxv) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group as a substituent, 
 (xxxvi) a piperidyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen atom as a substituent, 
 (xxxvii) a tetrahydrofuryl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xxxviii) a hexahydroazepinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (xxxix) a pyrazolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, and a furyl group as a substituent, 
 (xi) a thiazolyl group, 
 (xli) a thiadiazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xlii) an isoxazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xliii) an indazolyl group, 
 (xliv) an indolyl group, 
 (xlv) a tetrahydrobenzothiazolyl group, 
 (xlvi) a tetrahydroquinolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom, and an oxo group as a substituent, 
 (xlvii) a quinolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (xlvii) a benzodioxolyl lower alkyl group, 
 (xlix) an aryl group that may have a group(s) as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of 
 
         a halogen atom: a lower alkyl group; a lower alkoxy group; a halogen substituted lower alkyl group; a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group; a lower alkenyl group; an amino group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkyl sulfonyl group, a lower alkyl group, and an aryl group; a sulfamoyl group; a lower alkylthio group; a lower alkanoyl group; a lower alkoxycarbonyl group; a pyrrolyl group; a lower alkynyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an aryloxy group; an aryl lower alkoxy group; a hydroxy group; a hydroxy lower alkyl group; a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and an aryl group; a pyrazolyl group; a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s): an oxazolyl group; an imidazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s); a dihydrofuryl group that may have an oxo group(s); a thiazolidinyl lower alkyl group that may have an oxo group(s); an imidazolyl lower alkanoyl group; and a piperidinylcarbonyl group,
 (l) a cyano lower alkyl group, 
 (li) a dihydroquinolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and an oxo group, 
 (lii) a halogen substituted lower alkylamino group, 
 
         (liii) a lower alkylthio lower alkyl group,
 (liv) an amidino group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lv) an amidino lower alkyl group, 
 (lvi) a lower alkenyloxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lvii) an arylamino group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, on the aryl group, 
 (lviii) an aryl lower alkenyl group, 
 (lix) a pyridylamino group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lx) an aryl lower alkyl group (that may have on the aryl group and/or the lower alkyl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxy group, a carbamoyl group, and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group as a substituent), 
 (lxi) a lower alkynyl group, 
 (lxii) an aryloxy lower alkyl group (that may have as a substituent on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group, a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a lower alkyl group, and a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s)), 
 (lxiii) an isoxazolidinyl group that ay have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxiv) a dihydroindenyl group, 
 (lxv) an aryl lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, 
 (lxvi) a tetrahydropyranyl group, 
 (lxvii) an azetidinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and an aroyl group, 
 (lxviii) an azetidinyl lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group and aroyl group, 
 (lxix) a tetrazolyl group, 
 (lxx) an indolinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxxi) a triazolyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a lower alkylthio group, 
 (lxxii) an imidazolyl group that may have a carbamoyl group(s), 
 (lxxiii) an oxazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lxxiv) an isothiazolyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 (lxxv) a benzimidazolyl group, 
 (lxxvi) a dihydrobenzothiazolyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
 (lxxvii) a thienyl group that may have a lower alkoxycarbonyl group(s), and 
 (lxxviii) an oxazolyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
 
         (29) an amino lower alkyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an aryl group, an aryl lower alkyl group, an aroyl group, and an amino substituted alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group) on the amino group, 
         (30) a lower alkyl group substituted with a carbamoyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group, 
         (31) a thiocarbamoyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
         (32) a sulfamoyl group, 
         (33) an oxazolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
         (34) an imidazolidinyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and a lower alkyl group, 
         (35) a pyrrolidinyl group that may have an oxo group(s), 
         (36) an imidazolyl group, 
         (37) a triazolyl group, 
         (38) an isoxazolyl group, 
         (39) a piperidyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an oxo group, a hydroxy group, and an amino group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and lower alkanoylamino lower alkanoyl group, 
         (40) a piperidylcarbonyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a carboxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkyl carbamoyl lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino group (on which 1 to 2 groups selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an aroyl group may be present), a piperidyl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkanoyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an aroyl group may be present), a piperazinyl group (on which a lower alkyl group(s) may be present as a substituent), a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decyl group, a morpholinyl group, a hexahydro-1,4-diazepinyl group (on which a lower alkyl group(s) may be present as a substituent), a pyridyl group, a pyridyloxy group, a pyridyl lower alkoxy group, a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which an oxo group(s) may be present), a benzodioxolyl group, an aryl lower alkoxy group (that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group on the aryl group), an aryl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, and a hydroxy group may be present), an aryloxy group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a cyano group, a halogen atom, lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group), an aryl lower alkyl group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group), and an aroyl group (that may have on the aryl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkoxy group), 
         (41) a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl group that may have a group as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxy group, an amino group (that may have on the amino group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and an aroyl group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, a piperazinyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperazinyl group), an amino lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group), an aryloxy group (that may have a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group(s) on the aryl group), an aryloxy lower alkyl group (that may have a halogen substituted lower alkoxy group(s) on the aryl group), and a tetrahydroquinolyl group (on which an oxo group(s) may be present), 
         (42) a piperazinylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) as a substituent, selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyclo C3-C8 alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, an amino lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the amino group), a piperidyl lower alkyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent on the piperidyl group), a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinyl lower alkyl group, a 1,3-dioxolanyl lower alkyl group, a tetrahydrofuryl lower alkyl group, a pyridyl lower alkyl group (that may have a phenyl group(s) as a substituent on the lower alkyl group), a imidazolyl lower alkyl group, a furyl lower alkyl group, a pyrrolidinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group, a piperidyl group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) as a substituent), pyridyl group (that may have on the pyridyl group a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a cyano group, and a halogen substituted lower alkyl group as a substituent), a thieno[2,3-b]pyridyl group, an aryl group (on which a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkyl group may be present), an aroyl group, a furyl carbonyl group, an aryl lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and an oxo group, 
         (43) a hexahydroazepinylcarbonyl group, 
         (44) a hexahydro-1,4-diazepinylcarbonyl group that may have a substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group and a pyridyl group, 
         (45) a dihydropyrrolylcarbonyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s), 
         (46) a thiomorpholinylcarbonyl group, 
         (47) a morpholinylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a piperidyl lower alkyl group, and an aryl group, 
         (48) a thiazolidinyl carbonyl group that may have an aryl group(s) that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkoxy group and a cyano group, 
         (49) an azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonylcarbonyl group, 
         (50) an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octylcarbonyl group that may have a halogen substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group(s), 
         (51) an indolinylcarbonyl group, 
         (52) a tetrahydroquinolylcarbonyl group, 
         (53) a tetrahydropyrido[3.4-b]indolylcarbonyl group, 
         (54) a morpholinyl lower alkyl group, 
         (55) a piperazinyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the piperazinyl group, 
         (56) a morpholinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group, 
         (57) a piperazinylcarbonyl lower alkyl group that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the piperazinyl group, 
         (58) an oxo group, 
         (59) an amino lower alkoxy group (that may have a lower alkyl group(s) on the amino group), 
         (60) a lower alkoxy lower alkoxy group, 
         (61) a piperazinyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group, and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, 
         (62) a morpholinyl group, 
         (63) a 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decanylcarbonyl group that may have a group(s) selected from the group consisting of an oxo group and an aryl group, 
         (64) a tetrahydropyridylcarbonyl group that may have a pyridyl group(s), 
         (65) an imidazolidinylcarbonyl group that may have a thioxo group(s), and 
         (66) a 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decanyl group.